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Gases

Gases. Chap. 14. Pressure/Volume Relationship. Pressure/Volume Relationship. A. Boyle’s Experiment. http://library.mtroyal.ca/subguides/physics.htm. Boyle’s Experiment. Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side.

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Gases

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  1. Gases Chap. 14

  2. Pressure/Volume Relationship

  3. Pressure/Volume Relationship A. Boyle’s Experiment http://library.mtroyal.ca/subguides/physics.htm

  4. Boyle’s Experiment • Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side. http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/

  5. Boyle’s Experiment • Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side. • Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this: http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/

  6. Boyle’s Experiment • Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side. • Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this: http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/

  7. Boyle’s Experiment • Boyle put mercury in a ‘J tube’ in a way that tapped a sample of gas in the short side. • Boyle recorded pressure and volume data. His table may have looked like this: http://quiz2.chem.arizona.edu/preproom/

  8. Pressure/Volume Relationship A. Boyle’s Experiment B. Graph

  9. Pressure/Volume Relationship A. Boyle’s Experiment B. Graph

  10. Pressure/Volume Relationship A. Boyle’s Experiment B. Graph C. Equation P1∙ V1= P2 ∙ V2

  11. Pressure/Volume Relationship • A. Boyle’s Experiment • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation Less space means the collisions will occur _____ _________ and pressure will _______.

  12. Pressure/Volume Relationship • A. Boyle’s Experiment • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation • Calculations

  13. Self Check – Ex. 1 A 600 mL balloon has a pressure of 1.20 atm. What is the new pressure when it’s compressed to 400 mL? Assume constant temperature.

  14. Self Check – Ex. 2 An oxygen container has a volume of 16 L and a pressure of 480 kPa. What volume would the gas occupy if the pressure were 120 kPa? Assume constant temperature.

  15. Temperature/Volume Relationship

  16. Temperature/Volume Relationship A. Charles’ Experiment http://geocities.yahoo.com.br/saladefisica3/

  17. Temperature/Volume Relationship A. Charles’ Experiment B. Graph

  18. Temperature/Volume Relationship A. Charles’ Experiment B. Graph

  19. Temperature/Volume Relationship A. Charles’ Experiment B. Graph extrapolate the data

  20. Temperature/Volume Relationship A. Charles’ Experiment B. Graph C. Equation V1V2 = T1 T2

  21. Temperature/Volume Relationship • A. Charles’ Experiment • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation Increasing the _________ causes the particles to move faster. More motion means they need more _______.

  22. Temperature/Volume Relationship • A. Charles’ Experiment • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation • Calculations

  23. Self Check – Ex. 3 A sample of gas has a volume of 8 L when the temperature is 300 K. At what temperature would the gas volume be 12 L? Assume constant pressure.

  24. Self Check – Ex. 4 What is the new volume of a 125 cm3 gas sample that is heated from -23oC to 227oC? Assume constant pressure.

  25. Temperature/Pressure Relationship

  26. Temperature/Pressure Relationship A. Gay-Lussac’s Law http://www.br-online.de/

  27. Temperature/Pressure Relationship A. Gay-Lussac’s Law B. Graph

  28. Temperature/Pressure Relationship A. Gay-Lussac’s Law B. Graph C. Equation P1P2 = T1T2

  29. Temperature/Pressure Relationship • A. Gay-Lussac’s Law • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation Increasing the _________ causes the particles to move faster. More collisions equates to more ________.

  30. Temperature/Pressure Relationship • A. Gay-Lussac’s Law • B. Graph • C. Equation • Explanation • Calculations

  31. Self Check – Ex. 5 When the temperature of a gas goes from 250K to 300 K, the pressure of the gas goes from 800 torr to _____. Assume constant volume.

  32. Combined gas law

  33. Combined gas law A. Combines three gas laws

  34. Combined gas law A. Combines three gas laws B. Equation P1 ∙ V1 P2 ∙ V2 = T1T2

  35. Combined gas law • A. Combines three gas laws • B. Equation • Calculations

  36. Ideal Gas Law

  37. Ideal Gas Law A. Variables that affect pressure

  38. Ideal Gas Law A. Variables that affect pressure B. Equation PV = nRT

  39. Ideal Gas Law • A. Variables that affect pressure • B. Equation • Ideal Gas Constant atm · L R = 0.0821 mol · K

  40. Ideal Gas Law • A. Variables that affect pressure • B. Equation • Ideal Gas Constant • Calculations

  41. Self Check – Ex. 6 What is the pressure of 10 moles of helium in a 20 L container at a temperature of 27o C?

  42. Self Check – Ex. 7 What is the temperature of 2.4 mole of gas at a pressure of 720 mmHg and a volume of 2.4 L?

  43. Gas Stoichiometry

  44. Gas Stoichiometry A. When any gas is at STP its molar volume is L/mol.

  45. Gas Stoichiometry A. When any gas is at STP its molar volume is 22.4 L/mol.

  46. Self Check – Ex. 8 How many liters of SO2 will be formed when 16 L of SO3 decomposes. Assume all gases are at STP. 2SO3 2SO2 + O2

  47. Gas Stoichiometry A. When any gas is at STP its molar volume is 22.4 L/mol.

  48. Gas Stoichiometry • When any gas is at STP its molar volume is 22.4 L/mol. • To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP. mol unknown Mass known

  49. Gas Stoichiometry • When any gas is at STP its molar volume is 22.4 L/mol. • To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP. mol unknown Mass known Stoich.

  50. Gas Stoichiometry • When any gas is at STP its molar volume is 22.4 L/mol. • To find volume of gas when it’s not at STP. Tunknown Punknown mol unknown Mass known vol. unknown Stoich.

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