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Compositional Language(s)

Compositional Language(s). Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN Tuesday 13:00-15:00 Lecture IV. Announcements. Assignment I submission!!! Next week = 추석 ! Questions? ( 질 문 ?) Course Website: http://www.lxsigman.com/clgfall2012/index.htm. Assignment II. Due 학요일 , 09 October (in 2 주 !)

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Compositional Language(s)

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  1. Compositional Language(s) Instructor: Prof. SIGMAN Tuesday 13:00-15:00 Lecture IV

  2. Announcements • Assignment I submission!!! • Next week = 추석! • Questions? (질 문?) • Course Website: http://www.lxsigman.com/clgfall2012/index.htm

  3. Assignment II • Due 학요일,09October (in 2 주!) • On Harmony: weeks 3 and 4 • To be posted to website later today!

  4. 0. Review: Typical Musical Parameters • Pitch (고 저) • Rhythm (Pulse/Meter) • Melody • Harmony (학 성) • Dynamic • Register • Timbre (음 색) • Texture (결) • Orchestration

  5. I. Last Week Class Review • Any questions? • OK on common practice harmony?

  6. Last Week: Main topics • Pythagoras, Plato, Boethius and the “harmony of the spheres” • Defining tonality: syntax and function categories (tonic, dominant, pre-dominant) • Harmonic Analysis • Non-Chord Tones (NCT)

  7. Tonal Analysis Review • 1) Inversions and seventh chords • 2) Triad and Seventh Chord Qualities (major, minor, augmented, diminished) • 3) Cadences (PAC/IAC/HC/DC) • 4) Tonicisation vs. Modulation

  8. Non-Chord Tone (NCT) Review • 1) Passing tone (PT) • 2) Upper neighbour (UN)/Lower Neighbour (LN) • 3) Suspension (SUS) • 4) Retardation (RET) • 5) Appoggiatura (App) • 6) Echappée (ET) • 7) Anticipation (Ant)

  9. [Examples]

  10. II. Harmony in the Early 20th Century • Suspended Dominants (Debussy and Ravel) • Emancipation of the Dissonance (Schönberg) • Polytonality (Stravinsky) • Clusters (Cowell)

  11. A. Post-Tonal Tendencies I: The Tristan Chord (Tristan und Isolde, 1865)

  12. (Tristan Chord) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_chord

  13. B. Debussy: “Long and Tall” V Chords http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazI

  14. “Scalar Collections” • V7 +9+11+13+15….

  15. C. Schönberg: The Emancipation of the Dissonance “dissonances are the more remote consonances of the overtone series…”

  16. Emancipation of the dissonance • Emancipation (Emanzipation/Befreiung) = 해 방 • Dissonance = 불협화음

  17. What is “emancipated?”

  18. Ex) Schönberg, Op. 19 No.4 (1911) • Atonal • Emphasis on seventh chords • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8l5wx-BA6I

  19. Ex) Webern, Variations op. 27, mvt. 1 (1936) • Serial (12-tone) pitch organisation • M7 emphasis • Each pitch = placed in 1 register ( = pitch class and pitch height fixed!) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0MvEUh5yKA

  20. D. Polytonality • Polytonality = many keys at once • Bitonality = 2 keys at once • Poly = many (많 은) • Bi = 2 • Found in Stravinsky, Milhaud, Honegger, Bartok, Ives

  21. Stravinsky Examples • 1. Pétrouchka, “Chez Pétrouchka” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxpy8Jg46dI • 2. Le sacre du printemps • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceglu9msRbo (from 3:00)

  22. E. Henry Cowell (1897-1965) : New Musical Resources (1930)

  23. Cowell’s Tone Clusters

  24. Ex) Cowell, The Tides of Manaunaun (1917) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgn4SQFgU9Y • Also found in Charles Ives, Carl Ruggles, and many later composers

  25. F. Quartal and Quintal Harmony • Preference for 4ths and 5ths over 3rds • Ex) Hindemith and Aaron Copland

  26. II. Harmony in the Later 20th Century

  27. A. Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) • “modes of limited transposition” • Pitches fixed in register • Chords as motives • Bird song transcription • Chords also associated with colours, stones, and the harmonics of church bells ( 카 리 용) • Ex) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLf98HyHqtg

  28. B. Gérard Grisey (1946-1998) • Spectralism (or spectral music) • Harmonic analysis of acoustic instruments • Application of analysis to harmony, rhythm, form, and orchestration • Harmonic series as “mode of limited transposition”

  29. Example: Grisey, Partiels (1975) • Analysis of trombone harmonic series on E2….

  30. Partiels • …”orchestrated” for 18 instruments: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRRwk3hwrDI s

  31. [Overtone Series Extremes…]

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