GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

1. GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 The goal of this class is to learn how to apply geographic information systems in water resources. Hydrologists use many different data sources and GIS provides the capability to integrate them in the analysis of water resources problems

2. Our Classroom Dr Wayne Woldt, Dr Ayse Irmak students at University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dr David Tarboton Students at Utah State University Dr David Maidment students at UT Austin

3. GIS in Action: Hurricane Katrina – 1 year later Flooding in New Orleans http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9130254/ • Water mapping • where is the water • what is in the water? • Water movement • where is it going? http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9150429/ Issues for this course

4. http://lacpr.usace.army.mil/

5. http://lacpr.usace.army.mil/

6. Flooding in New Orleans http://lacpr.usace.army.mil/

7. GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • Arc Hydro data model • Curved earth and a flat map

8. Lectures Powerpoint slides Video streaming Readings “Arc Hydro: GIS in Water Resources” Homework Computer exercises Hand exercises Term Project Oral presentation HTML report Class Interaction Email Discussion Examinations Midterm, final Six Basic Course Elements

9. Instructor-Centered Presentation Community-Centered Presentation Learning Styles Instructor Student

10. Traditional Classroom Community Inside and Outside The Classroom University Without Walls

11. Distance Learning Dr Wayne Woldt, Dr Ayse Irmak students at University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dr David Tarboton Students at Utah State University Other People Other People Dr David Maidment students at UT Austin

12. GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • Arc Hydro data model • Curved earth and a flat map

13. Geographic Data Model • Conceptual Model – a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it • Mathematical Model – a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations • Data Model – a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables, …..) • Geographic Data Model – a conceptual model for describing and reasoning about the world expressed in a GIS database

14. Data Model based on Inventory of data layers

15. Spatial Data: Vector format Vector data are defined spatially: (x1,y1) Point - a pair of x and y coordinates vertex Line - a sequence of points Node Polygon - a closed set of lines

16. Themes or Data Layers Vector data: point, line or polygon features

17. Kissimmee watershed, Florida Themes

18. Attributes of a Selected Feature

19. Raster and Vector Data Raster data are described by a cell grid, one value per cell Vector Raster Point Line Zone of cells Polygon

20. Santa Barbara, California http://srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html

21. How do we combine these data? Digital Elevation Models Streams Watersheds Waterbodies

22. An integrated raster-vector database

23. GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • Arc Hydro data model • Curved earth and a flat map

24. Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model CRWR GIS CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium Water Resources

25. Data Model Based on Behavior “Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.” R.M. Hirsch, USGS

26. Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

27. Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources Published by ESRI Press The Arc Hydro data model and application tools are in the public domain

28. Arc Hydro —Hydrography

29. Arc Hydro —Hydrology

30. Drainage System Hydro Network Flow Time Time Series Hydrography Channel System Arc Hydro Components

31. Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Hydrologic Information System A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data supporting hydrologic analysis and modeling

32. “White space” is the Grey at Dobson minus Ahaura, Arnold and Grey at Waipuna

33. Nexrad Radar Rainfall Map

34. FLOODPLAIN MAP Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Model Builder Flood map as output Model for flood flow HMS Model for flood depth Nexrad map as input

35. GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1 • In-class and distance learning • Geospatial database of hydrologic features • Arc Hydro data model • Curved earth and a flat map

36. Origin of Geographic Coordinates Equator (0,0) Prime Meridian

37. Latitude and Longitude Longitude line (Meridian) N W E S Range: 180ºW - 0º - 180ºE Latitude line (Parallel) N W E S (0ºN, 0ºE) Equator, Prime Meridian Range: 90ºS - 0º - 90ºN

38. Latitude and Longitude in North America Austin: (30°N, 98°W) Logan: (42°N, 112°W) 60 N 30 N 60 W 120 W 90 W 0 N

39. Map Projection Flat Map Cartesian coordinates: x,y (Easting & Northing) Curved Earth Geographic coordinates: f, l (Latitude & Longitude)

40. Representative Fraction Globe distanceEarth distance = Earth to Globe to Map Map Projection: Map Scale: Scale Factor Map distanceGlobe distance = (e.g. 0.9996) (e.g. 1:24,000)

41. Coordinate Systems A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin Y X Origin (xo,yo) (fo,lo)