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CIS 350 – I Game Programming Instructor: Rolf Lakaemper. Part II: Game Genres. Genres. ADVENTURES. Genres. Adventure Games cast the player as the protagonist of a story in which the player participates Solving of puzzles, finding various artifacts Sub-genres: Textbased Graphical
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CIS 350 – I Game Programming Instructor: Rolf Lakaemper
Part II: Game Genres
Genres ADVENTURES
Genres • Adventure Games cast the player as the protagonist of a story in which the player participates • Solving of puzzles, finding various artifacts • Sub-genres: • Textbased • Graphical • Action
Genres • Textbased Adventures: • First adventures • Typical use of verb-noun phraser • Earliest titles: ‘Hunt the Wumpus’ (G. Yob, 1972, Basic Game) and ‘Adventure’ (W. Crowther, 1972)
Genres ‘Hunt the Wumpus’ Essentially, you're wandering through a network of numbered caves, looking for the Wumpus; when it's nearby, you'll smell it, and you can try to kill it by shooting into one of the caves that's near you. If you wander into the same cave as the Wumpus, you die. Other hazards include bats--which pick you up and dump you somewhere else--and pits, which kill you. source code !
Genres …or ZORK (1981)
Genres Hybrid Text / Graphic The Hobbit (1982) spectrum emulator
Genres • Graphic Adventure • Graphical (point and click) Interface • Introduced by Sierra Online’s King’s Quest 1984 • Lucas Arts: Maniac Mansion 1987
Genres King’s Quest I (by Roberta Williams)
Genres • Action Adventure • The only commercially successfully remaining action genre • Reflex Based as well as puzzle solving • Most prominent: The Legend of Zelda, Nintendo, 1986 (US: 1987 on NES)
Genres Legend of Zelda, NES 1987
Genres Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, Game Cube 2004
Genres • Educational Games • Attempt to teach the user using the game as a vehicle • Mostly target young users • Growing market ! • …can also teach programming on a very high though entertaining level, e.g. ‘Robot Wars’ • Best known: ‘Carmen Sandiego’
Genres • Example: ‘Alpha Beth’ 1985 • PLAY
Genres • Fighting (Beat’em Up) • Emphasize on one-on-one combat between (two) players • Usually focus on martial arts • Usually as dramatic and physically impossible as comical • Sophisticated interfaces ! • Early title: ‘Way of the exploding fist’, Melbourne House 1985 PLAY!
Genres ‘Way of the exploding fist’, Melbourne House 1985, Sinclair Spectrum Version
Genres ‘Mortal Combat: Deadly Alliance’, Midway,2002, XBOX
Genres • First Person Shooter • Emphasize shooting and combat from a specific perspective, most of them place player behind hand/weapon • Tend to be scaringly violent • 3D effect is usually enhanced by 3D-sound • Most prominent: DOOM, Quake, HALO • First title: …
Genres • SPASIM, 1974 • Space Simulation • 3D 32 person network multiplayer game • Written for Champaign Urbana University of Illinois PLATO network • The PLATO system had hundreds of plasma panel terminals (512*512 graphics displays) around the US with 1200bps connections into a CDC Cyber 6400 mainframe
Genres • Battlezone, ATARI, 1980
Genres • Rescue on Fractalus • Activision,1986, Spectrum Version
Genres • DOOM • Id software,1993
Genres • HALO • Xbox,Bungie Studios,2001
Genres • FPS introduced a new technique to game programming: 3D engines, independent from game rules, logic and final graphics are utilized for multiple games • FPS are the most controversive games, due to their realism and violence, e.g. the Columbine Highschool Shooting was put in connection with them • The combination of AI, real time graphics, physical modelling makes them the most sophisticated programs the gaming area
Genres • MMOGs • (Massive Multiplayer Online Games) • Subscription based virtual worlds for thousands of players to interact together • Titles: Ultima Online, Everquest etc.
Genres Everquest
Genres • Platform Games • Probably the best known genre, ‘the’ computer game • Running, jumping etc. on 2D or 3D platform • ‘Side-scrollers’, usually (2d) from a side perspective. • Most prominent: Mario Brothers, Donkey Kong, Lode Runner, Sonic, …
Genres Jumpman 1983, ATARI 400
Genres Donkey Kong Nintendo, 1981
Genres Mario Bros Nintendo, 1983
Genres Super Mario Bros Nintendo, 1985
Genres Mission Elevator Micro Partner/Magic Bytes 1986
Genres Mission Elevator (Graphics by Bettina Wiedner)
Genres Donkey Kong Country 2 Game Cube, 2003
Genres Super Mario Sunshine Nintendo Game Cube, 2002
Genres • PUZZLE Games • Require the gamer to solve logic puzzles or navigate complex locations such as mazes. • Genre crosses frequently with adventure and educational games • Titles: Tetris, Sokoban, Boulderdash,…
Genres Tetris 1985 Alexey Pazhitnov, Vadim Gerasimov
Genres Boulderdash 1987 Databyte
Genres • RACING GAMES • Place player in the driver seat of vehicle • Emerging in early 80s • Extremely popular • Various input devices • Titles: OutRun, MarioKart,…
Genres OutRun SEGA, 1986
Genres MarioKart Double Dash Nintendo, 2004
Genres • Role Playing • Player acts as adventurer who specializes in certain skills • Emerged from board (pencil&paper) role playing games • Usually science fiction or fantasy setting • Titles: Ultima, Diablo, …
Genres • ULTIMA 1 • 1980 • Written in basic • 3000 lines of code • Memory takes less than one texture in current version…
Genres ULTIMA 1, 1980
Genres ULTIMA 9, 1999
Genres • Fixed Shooters • The classic 2D shooters • Space Invaders, Galaga, R-Type, …
Genres Space Invaders Galaga
Genres • Simulation • Aim to simulate a specific activity (e.g. flying an airplane / running a company) as realistically as possible • Usually time consuming to play, huge manuals etc. • Titles: Little Comp. People, MS Flight Sim., The Sims, Medieval,Warcraft,… • The SIMS is the most popular game ever !
Genres Little Computer People Activision, 1985, C64