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Scholarly, Digital, Open: an impossible triangle?

Scholarly, Digital, Open: an impossible triangle?. Robin Goodfellow (forthcoming) Research in Learning Technology Vol. 21, 2013. How can the traditions of scholarship, the principle of openness , and the new cultures of digitality be combined?

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Scholarly, Digital, Open: an impossible triangle?

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  1. Scholarly, Digital, Open: an impossible triangle? Robin Goodfellow (forthcoming) Research in Learning Technology Vol. 21, 2013

  2. How can the traditions of scholarship, the principle of openness, and the new cultures of digitality be combined? Is such a triangle even possible in theory?

  3. the ‘public good’ of universities (Calhoun 2006; Cowan et al. 2008)

  4. University scholarship Delft University Library: http://www.miragebookmark.ch/most-interesting-libraries.htm (Benkler 2008:55)

  5. Academic gatekeepers? The Hamburg Convention of Professors – Max Liebermann 1906

  6. a discourse of openness • Open science and the ‘invisible college’ • Open publishing and public engagement • The open and ‘participatory’ internet

  7. A convergence of ‘digital’ and ‘open’ ‘digital scholarship is more than just using information and communication technologies to research, teach and collaborate … it is embracing the open values, ideology and potential of technologies born of peer-to-peer networking and wiki ways of working in order to benefit both the academy and society. Digital scholarship can only have meaning if it marks a radical break in scholarship practices brought about through the possibilities enabled in new technologies. This break would encompass a more open form of scholarship’ (Pearce et al 2010).

  8. ..can the same ‘democratising’ principles that we seek to apply to our teaching online also be applied to Research and Scholarship?

  9. some definitions… ‘Scholarship’- a set of epistemological and ethical practices that underpin the social construction of an enduring record of objectively validated knowledge Boyer 1990, Andresen 2000, Borgman 2007

  10. some definitions… ‘Digitality’ - the affordances of digital technologies AND the social conditions of living, working, and interacting etc. that digital technologies construct for us, through their ubiquity and agencies boyd 2010, Jones 2013, Latour 2005, Savage et al. 2010, Palmer and Cragin 2008

  11. some definitions… ‘Openness’- a philosophy and set of practices • the property of accessibility without qualification criteria (logistical, financial, credentialing etc.) • amenability to participation and appropriation, similarly without qualification criteria Merton 1988, Cope & Kalantzis 2009

  12. the perspective of History and Chemistry scholars and their digital support communities http://www.sr.ithaka.org/ Long & Schonfeld 2013, Rutner & Schonfeld 2012

  13. Budapest Open Access Initiative 2002, Finch Report 2012, Open Archives Initiative, Esposito 2013

  14. ‘public engagement’ http://www.publicengagement.ac.uk/ Holliman 2011

  15. …in simple language https://sites.google.com/site/junkthejargon/ Lievrouw & Carley 1990, Lievrouw 2010

  16. …expanding channels of communication amongst specialist scholars and their professional support communities – an already identified and engaged constituency – rather than a deliberate opening up of participation in scholarly communication to non-specialists or the non-scholarly public

  17. http://www.wikipedia.org/ http://technorati.com/blogs/directory/science/ Benkler 2006, Jenkins et al 2005, Weller 2011, Jensen 2007

  18. tensions in the triangle Blurring the distinction between ‘knowledge discovery’ and ‘knowledge transmission’ – conflating the roles of researcher and teacher (Garnett and Ecclesfield 2011:13) “As more of the world’s intellectual content is created in digital form, the risks of loss increase proportionately.” (Borgman 2007: 251)

  19. a critical perspective http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415537971/

  20. Goodfellow, R. & lea, M.R. (2013) Literacy in the Digital University: critical perspectives on learning, scholarship and technology. London: Routledge. Values, digital texts and open practices - a changing scholarly landscape in higher education Colleen McKenna and Jane Hughes Researching academic literacy practices around Twitter: Performative methods and their onto-ethical implications Jude Fransman The Literacies of ‘Digital Scholarship’ – Truth and Use values Robin Goodfellow

  21. Digitality in practice can make scholarship more specialised and harder for outsiders to access. Openness to participation can make it less scholarly. Nevertheless, it is in the interest of scholars to be concerned with both. To bring scholarship, teaching and public engagement closer together must be the aim, but first we need to understand the ways in which practice makes them different.

  22. Robin Goodfellow (2013) Scholarly, Digital, Open: an impossible triangle? Research in Learning Technology, Vol.23 References: Andresen, L. W.(2000) ‘A Useable, Trans-Disciplinary Conception of Scholarship’, Higher Education Research & Development, 19: 2: 137-153. Benkler, Y. (2008) ‘The University in the Networked Economy and Society: Challenges and Opportunities’. In Katz, R. (ed) The Tower and the Cloud: Higher Education in the Age of Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE, e-book. Online: http://www.educause.edu/thetowerandthecloud (Accessed 09 March 2013). Borgman, C. (2007) Scholarship in the digital age. Information, infrastructure and the Internet. Cambs: London:MIT Press. boyd, d. (2010) ‘Social Networking Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances , Dynamics and Implications’. In Z. Papacharissi, A Networked Self: Identity Community and Culture on Social Network Sites. New York: Routledge:39-58. Boyer, E. L. (1990) ‘Scholarship reconsidered : priorities of the professoriate’. Princeton, N.J., Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Online: https://depts.washington.edu/gs630/Spring/Boyer.pdf(Accessed 30 April 2013). Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) Open Society Institute. Online: http://www.soros.org/openaccess/index.shtml(Accessed 30 April 2013). Calhoun, C. (2006) ‘The University and the Public Good’, Thesis Eleven, 84, 7: 7-43. Cope, B. & Kalantzis, M. (2009) ‘Signs of epistemic disruption: Transformations in the knowledge system of the academic journal’. First Monday, 14, 4. Online: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2309 (Accessed 30 April 2013).

  23. Cowan, W., Cowan, R. and Llerena, P. (2008) ‘Running The Marathon’. Working Papers of BETA 2008-10, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, ULP, Strasbourg. Online: http://ideas.repec.org/p/ulp/sbbeta/2008-10.html (Accessed January 2012) Esposito, A. (2013) Neither digital or open. Just researchers. Views on digital/open scholarship practices in an Italian university. First Monday, 18,1-7: Online at: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3881/3404(Accessed 08 July 1013) Finch Report (2012) ‘Accessibility, sustainability, excellence: how to expand access to research publications’. Report of the Working Group on Expanding Access to Published Research Findings. Online: http://www.researchinfonet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Finch-Group-report-FINAL-VERSION.pdf (Accessed 30 April 2013). Garnett, F. and Ecclesfield, N. (2012) ‘Towards a framework for co-creating Open Scholarship’. ALT-C Conference. Research in Learning Technology, 19,1. Online at: http://www.researchinlearningtechnology.net/index.php/rlt/article/view/7795 (Accessed July 08 2013) Goodfellow, R. (2013) The Literacies of Digital Scholarship – truth and use values. In R. Goodfellow and M.R.Lea (eds) Literacy in the Digital University: critical perspectives on learning, scholarship and technology. London & New York: Routledge:67-78 Holliman, R. (2011) ‘The struggle for scientific consensus: communicating climate science around COP-15’. In Wagoner, B., Jensen, E. and J. Oldmeadow (eds.) Culture and social change: Transforming society through the power of ideas. Information Age Publishers.

  24. Jenkins, H., Puroshotma, R., Clinton, K., Weigel, M., and Robison, A. (2005) ‘Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century’. Online: http://www.newmedialiteracies.org/files/working/NMLWhitePaper.pdf. (Accessed 30 April 2013). Jensen, M. (2007) Authority 3.0: Friend or Foe to Scholars?, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 39,1: 33-43. Jones, C. (2013) ‘The digital university: A concept in need of definition’. In R. Goodfellow and M.R.Lea (eds) Literacy in the Digital University: critical perspectives on learning, scholarship and technology. London & New York: Routledge:162-172. Latour, B. (2005) Reassembling the Social. An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford and New York: OUP. Lievrouw, L.A., and Carley, K..(1990) ‘Changing patterns of communication among scientists in an era of “telescience”’. Technology in Society 12,4: 457–77. Lievrouw, L. A.(2010) 'Social Media and the Production of Knowledge: A Return to Little Science?', Social Epistemology, 24, 3: 219-237. Long, M. & Schonfeld, R. (2013) ‘Supporting the Changing Research Practice of Chemists’. Ithaka S+R Research Publications. Online:http://www.sr.ithaka.org/research-publications/supporting-changing-research-practices-chemists (Accessed 24 April 2013). McKenna, C. and Hughes, J. (2014) ‘Values, digital texts, and open practices – a changing scholarly landscape in higher education’. In R. Goodfellow and M.R.Lea (eds) Literacy in the Digital University: critical perspectives on learning, scholarship and technology. London & New York: Routledge:15-26. Merton, R. K. (1988) ‘The Matthew Effect in science II: Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property’. ISIS 79: 606–623.

  25. Palmer, C. L., & Cragin, M. H. (2008) ‘Scholarship and disciplinary practices’. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 42: 163-212. Open Archives Initiative (http://www.openarchives.org/) Pearce, N., Weller, M., Scanlon, E., Are Kinsley, S. (2010) Digital Scholarship Considered: How New Technologies Could Transform Academic Work. Education16,1: Online at: http://www.ineducation.ca/article/digital-scholarship-considered-how-new-technologies-could-transform-academic-work (Accessed 12 July 2013). Rutner, J. & Schonfeld, R. (2012) ‘Supporting the Changing Research Practice of Historians’. Ithaka S+R Research Publications. Online: http://www.sr.ithaka.org/research-publications/supporting-changing-research-practices-historians (Accessed 24 April 2013) Savage, M., Ruppert, E., Law, J. (2010) ‘Digital Devices: nine theses’. CRESC Working Paper Series No.86. The Open University. Online: http://www.cresc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Paper%20No%2086_0.pdf (Accessed 15 January 2013). Weller, M. (2011) ‘The Digital Scholar: How Technology Is Transforming Scholarly Practice’. Bloomsbury Academic. Online: http://www.bloomsburyacademic.com/view/DigitalScholar (Accessed 16 March 2012).

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