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Antenatal Care (ANC): Overview

Learn the crucial role of antenatal care in promoting maternal well-being, addressing complications, and ensuring safe deliveries. Explore efficient ANC strategies and goals to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

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Antenatal Care (ANC): Overview

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  1. Antenatal Care (ANC): Overview Advances in Maternal and Neonatal Health

  2. Session Objectives • Describe the purpose of antenatal care and its role in relationship to Safe Motherhood initiatives • Define current issues related to providing effective antenatal care Antenatal Care: Overview

  3. Essential Health Sector Interventions for Safe Motherhood SAFE MOTHERHOOD Postabortion Clean/safe Delivery Postpartum Care Family Planning Antenatal Care Essential Obstetric Care BASIC HEALTH SERVICES EQUITY EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT Antenatal Care: Overview

  4. Objectives of ANC • Promote and maintain the physical, mental and social health of mother and baby by providing education on nutrition, personal hygiene and birthing process • Detect and manage complications during pregnancy, whether medical, surgical or obstetrical • Develop birth preparedness and complication readiness plan • Help prepare mother to breastfeed successfully, experience normal puerperium, and take good care of the child physically, psychologically and socially Antenatal Care: Overview

  5. What is Effective ANC? • Care from a skilled attendant and continuity of care • Preparation for birth and potential complications • Promoting health and preventing disease • Tetanus toxoid, nutritional supplementation, tobacco and alcohol use, etc • Detection of existing diseases and treatment • HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis, other co-existing medical diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) • Early detection and management of complications Antenatal Care: Overview

  6. Why Disease Detection and Not Risk Assessment • Risk approach is not an efficient or effective strategy for maternal mortality reduction: • “Risk factors” cannot predict complications: usually not direct cause of complication • What do you do once you identify risks? What about “low risk?” • Maternal mortality is relatively rare in population at risk (all women of reproductive age); “risk factors” are relatively common in same population, these “risk factors” do not appear to be good indicators of which women will experience complications • Majority of women who experienced complication were considered “low risk;” vast majority of women considered to be “high risk” gave birth without experiencing a complication Antenatal Care: Overview Fortney 1995; Yuster 1995.

  7. Goal-Directed Interventions Give a Framework for Effective ANC • Disease detection • Counseling and health promotion • Birth preparedness • Complication readiness Antenatal Care: Overview

  8. Goal-Directed Components of ANC: Disease Detection • Look for problems requiring additional care Antenatal Care: Overview

  9. Goal-Directed Components of ANC: Counseling and Health Promotion • Client-centered and gestational age-specific counseling for women and partners/ supporters on: • Nutrition and micronutrients • Rest and avoidance of heavy physical work • Danger signals of complications and disease/illness • Family planning • Breastfeeding • Malaria prophylaxis • Tobacco and alcohol use Antenatal Care: Overview

  10. Goal-Directed Components of ANC: Birth Preparedness • Make plans for the birth: • Prepare the necessary items for birth • Identify a skilled attendant and arrange for presence at birth • Identify appropriate site for birth, and how to get there • Identify support people, including who will accompany the woman and who will take care of the family • Establish a financing plan/scheme Antenatal Care: Overview

  11. Goal-Directed Components of ANC: Complication Readiness 15% of all pregnant women develop a life-threatening complication requiring obstetric care • Establish a financing plan/scheme • Make a plan for decision-making • Arrange a system of transport • Establish a plan for blood donation Antenatal Care: Overview

  12. Goal-Directed ANC • Goal-directed interventions • Increasing use of systematic review of evidence to evaluate effectiveness of interventions • This effort is now underway and is ongoing Antenatal Care: Overview

  13. Summary Antenatal care includes goal-directed interventions • Skilled attendant • Preparation for birth and complications • Health promotion • Detection of complications Antenatal Care: Overview

  14. References Fortney J. 1995. Antenatal risk screening and scoring: a new look. Int J Gynecol Obstet 50(Suppl 2): S53–S58. Yuster EA. 1995. Rethinking the role of the risk approach and antenatal care in maternal mortality reduction. Int J Gynecol Obstet 50(Suppl 2): S59–S61. Antenatal Care: Overview

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