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Explore the essential proteins, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases involved in the phases of cell cycle regulation. Learn about cell cycle checkpoints, mechanisms for CDK regulation, and the crucial roles of p53, p21, and pRb in the transition from G1 to S phase.
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RNA, Protein Mitosis, Cytokinesis Lamin H1 Abl Cyc B/A CDK1 M Cyc D’s CDK4,6 G2 G0 1 h 3-4 h G1 DNA, RNA, Protein S RNA, Protein 6-12 h 6-8 h p53 pRb Cyc A CDK2 Cyc E CDK2 Cell Cycle Eric Niederhoffer SIU-SOM
Cdk4 Cdk2 Cdk1 D E A B(A) M G1 S G2 M G1 Start Variation in Cell Cycle Cyclins Cyclin-dependent kinases cyclins Cell cycle phases
Active p53 p21 P pRb Passage from G1 to S Cell Cycle Regulation 1. CDK phosphorylation DNA damage 2. C degradation 3. C & CDK synthesis CDK2 4. CDK inhibition CE pRb pRb pRb E2F Enzymes for DNA synthesis
Review Questions • What are and what happens during the phases of the cell cycle? • Which proteins are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle? • Which cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are most important in individual phases of the cell cycle? • What are four mechanisms for regulating cyclin-dependent kinase activity? • What role do p53, p21, and pRb play in the G1 to S transition?