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Alternative road materials and design concepts – Finnish experiences

Alternative road materials and design concepts – Finnish experiences. Leena Korkiala-Tanttu Professor of Practice Geotechnical Engineering Aalto University. Contents of the presentation. Finnish design and construction standards and guidelines in 2013

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Alternative road materials and design concepts – Finnish experiences

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  1. Alternative road materials and design concepts – Finnish experiences Leena Korkiala-Tanttu Professor of Practice Geotechnical Engineering Aalto University

  2. Contents of the presentation Finnish design and construction standards and guidelines in 2013 Alternative (new?) materials or methods used in pavement/road layers Design methods for alternative pavement structures

  3. Differentstandards to follow Design standards – Eurocode system for supporting structures and geotechnics of infra structures, not for pavement design The execution and product standards will be taken into use after their approval process Also the ground investigations, surveys and measurements are included in the standards No standard so far for the earth construction works – discussion to start preparation

  4. Finnish design and constructionstandards and guidelines Eurocode design system is mandatory in building construction. Partly also in infra sector. Allbuilidingmaterials and products, whichhaveharmonizedproductstandardmustbeCE-markedafter 1.7.2013! Mostof the infraconstructionproducts haveproductstandard(aggregates, drainagesystems, piles, asphalt,…) Voluntarystandardapproval and othermethodsfromoldersystemcanbeusedotherwise

  5. National applications of the general qualityrequirements for infraconstruction InfraRYL2006 Part 1- Roads, railways and fields InfraRYL2006 Part 2 – Systems (e.g. water and sewage) InfraRYL2006 Part 3 – Bridges and structural parts InfraRYL2006, Part 4 - Sport and recreationareas Printed and eletronicalversions Only in Finnish More information www.rts.fi/infraryl/

  6. Standards of asphaltworks in Finnish SFS-handbook165, includesallstandardsdealing with asphalt and pavingworks Parts 1 and 2 testingmethods Part 3 materialrequirements The asphaltnorms 2008 deliveredby PANK includesFinnishapplications AsphaltsshouldbeCE-marked

  7. Alternativematerials and new solutions for road / pavementstructures Need to have competence qualification systems – for example geotechnical designers of infrastructures New updated guidelines and examples calculations are needed Need to update design programs The design costs will be bigger at least in bridge and geotechnical design The price of the ground survey will increase Effects to the illumination of the streets and roads (energy requirements) CE- markings?

  8. The utilisation of alternativematerials in pavements Paving /wearingcourse Baselayer Slope Subbase Filter Subgradeorembankment Unboundgranularmaterialsorstabilizedlayersincludingtreatment of the subgrade Verylow-qualitymaterials in otherparts (slopes, noisebarriers, otherfillings)

  9. Alternativematerialsused in pavement (road) layers Metallurgicalslags (e.g. Blastfurnaceslag =BFS) Waste fromconstructionindustry and projects Ashesfromenergyindustry and endproduct of desulphuration Processwastefromforest and pulpindustry Usedtyres and foamedglas Side products (dressingsands and others) fromore and extractiveindustry (the locationof the mines) Surplus of the infraconstruction Used (recycled) asphalt

  10. Recycledasphalt Finland is pioneer in the recycling of asphalt Besidesrecycling in paving, crushedasphaltcanbeused: • in the baselayer of the low-volumeroads • In temporarypavings • Yards and storagefields • As one component of stabilisationbinders • In the edgeareas of embankments

  11. Metallurgicalslags Produced in big amounts, locationsproblem Trade marks: BFS and OKTO-products Someslagswillbindbythemselves, yettheycanbeexcavatedfrom the pavement Someslagsareunderwastelegistation (heavy metals) BFS and OKTO: Goodbearingcapacity, evenbetterthanclassiccrushedmaterials BFS and OKTO: canbeusedalso an isolatingorlightweightmaterial

  12. Crushedconcrete Best quality for the concreteindustryby-product Alsofromremolitionprojects Crushedconcretewaste: steelsareremovedcarefully Properties and qualificationsystem Bindsitself, canbeexcavated

  13. Suitability for roadstructures BaselayerSubbaseEmbankmentfill Goodexperienceseven for long-termstructures (morethan 17 years) reported in new Masterthesis Materialcanachieve in general higherstiffnessthan for crushedmaterials, long-termperformance is good

  14. FlyashBottomash Ashes Flyash (left) is the most common ash Flyashresemblessilt Coarserashes -> sand Heavy metalcontentmightbe a problem Candust Frost susceptibility Long-termdurability Bindsitself (flyash) is usedalso in bindermixtures

  15. Stabilisation of pavementlayers (base + subbase) Finnishresearchprojectended 2007 Laboratorystudies and teststructures http://alk.tiehallinto.fi/thohje/pdf/2100055-v-07paallysrakenteen_stabilointi.pdf Finalreport in Finnish Layerstabilisation is notwidelyused in 2012, becausegovernment is not investing for roadmaintenance Full-depthreclamation > 1 Mm2/year

  16. Stabilisation of pavementlayersmethods Stabilisation with foamedbitumen Stabilisation with bitumen emulsion Remix-stabilisation Compositestabilisation (bitumen + cement) Stabilisation with blastfurnaceslag BFS (mightincludeactivator = cement) Stabilisation with cement For existingstructures: • Premilling (esijyrsintä) • Milling with stabilisation • Full-depthReclamation(sekoitusjyrsintä)

  17. Stabilizedlayers: requirements and materialproperties 1 InfraRYL2006, part 1 Mixingon-siteormixingstation Bearingcapacity, in general betterthan for unbound: • Bitumenstabilisation: moreflexiblethanothers • Cementstabilisation: quickhardening, verystiff • BFS: slowhardening, relativelystiff Deformationpropertiesbetterthanunbound: • Bitumenstabilisation: optimisation of amount (hotweather-> weak, cold -> resistanceagainstwaterwillbeweak) • Compositestabilisation: optimum • BFS: slowhardening, self-rehealing

  18. Stabilizedlayers, materialproperties 2 Betterfrostsusceptibility, doesnotcorrect the subgradefrostheave, evens the deformations A properdrainage is needed For the aggregategrainsizedistribution is important Adding of new aggregatematerial to oldstructures For rehabilitationcases: stabilizationcanbedonelanebylane, disturbstrafficmuchlessthanothermethods Finnradoesnotallow to usecementstabilisation Stabilizedlayers MUST BE COVERED WITH ASPHALT

  19. Pavement design

  20. Pavementstructure design components Service life of the structure Life cyclecosts Selection of the structure

  21. Finnish design practice Settlementsarecalculated,ifneededactionsareused (groundimprovements,…) Frost design -> allowablefrostheave - > the thickness of the layers Fatigue design bases on bearingcapacity:Tabulatedvalues for the classicsolutions, no values for alternativematerials Deformationsarenotcalculated: problemsusually with thinpavementsorheavilyloadedfields http://alk.tiehallinto.fi/thohje/pdf/2100029-v-04tierakenteensuunn.pdf

  22. Conclusions CE-marking is needed after 1.7.2013 New standardisation -> need for new guidelines The use of alternative materials in general is increasing Good solution is to combine alternative materials together with reinforcement The readily calculated structures can not properly take into account alternative or lightweight materials or structures including reinforcements

  23. Thank your for your attention!

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