World War I

1. World War I Life on the Home Front

2. Vocabulary • war bonds: a low interest loan by civilians to the government, meant to be paid in a number of years • propaganda: an opinion expressed for the purpose of influencing the actions of others • Espionage Act: passed in 1917, this law set heavy fines and long prison terms for those who engaged in antiwar activities and for encouraging draft resisters • Sedition Act: a 1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the war; it set heavy fines and long prison terms for those who engaged in antiwar activities • Oliver Wendell Holmes: a Supreme Court Justice who believed free speech could be limited during wartime • Great Migration: the movement of African Americans between 1910 and 1920 to northern cities from the South

3. Used celebrities to sell war bonds Mobilizing for War Boy Scouts helped sell war bonds

4. People rolled bandages, collected tin cans, paper toothpaste tubes, and apricot pits. They knitted socks, sweaters and sewed hospital gowns.

5. Victory Gardens and wheatless, meatless, and gasless days.

6. George Creel – Head of the Committee on Public Information Propaganda and the Committee on Public Information Patriotic movie during this time Four Minute Men – volunteers to speak in public places in support of the war effort.

7. Recruiting Posters

8. hamburger - liberty sandwich or Salisbury steak sauerkraut - liberty cabbage Intolerance Changed German names German Shepard - police dogs

9. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Schenck v. United States Espionage Act and Sedition Act Eugene Debs - 10 years in jail for saying the war was fought by poor people so wealthy business owners could make money

10. Great Migration Many African Americans left the South to escape bigotry, poverty, and racial violence. Three most common destinations during the Great Migration

11. New Jobs For Women They worked in steel mills, ammunition factories, and on assembly lines. They also held jobs as streetcar conductors and elevator operators

12. Page 292 1. What were three ways American families could contribute to the war effort? Three ways American families could contribute to the war effort were by purchasing war bonds, planting victory gardens, and sewing clothes for soldiers 2. What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Act? What groups were most affected by them? The purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts was to keep people from undermining the war effort. The groups most affected by these laws were the pacifists, socialists, and other war critics. 3. What kind of job opportunities did the war create for women and minorities? The job opportunities the war created for women and minorities were jobs in factories that made war materials and in jobs previously held by men.