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FINAL PLANNING PROJECT (CRP 601)

A Framework for Implementing a GIS-based University Environmental Management System: Towards Sustainable Campus. FINAL PLANNING PROJECT (CRP 601). By. Ismaila Abubakar (240374). Supervisor:. Dr. Habib M. Alshuwaikhat. Presentation Outlines. CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1.1 Introduction

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FINAL PLANNING PROJECT (CRP 601)

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  1. A Framework for Implementing a GIS-based University Environmental Management System: Towards Sustainable Campus FINAL PLANNING PROJECT (CRP 601) By Ismaila Abubakar (240374) Supervisor: Dr. Habib M. Alshuwaikhat CRP 535

  2. Presentation Outlines CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aim of the study 1.3 Study goals and objectives 1.4 Scope and limitations 1.5 Data source and availability 1.6 Thesis organization and plan 1.7 Methodology CRP 535

  3. Presentation Outlines CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 2.1 Environment: An Overview 2.1.1 Environmental Policy 2.1.2 Environmental Management 2.1.3 Environmental Protection 2.1.4 Environmental Sustainability 2.2 Campus Environment 2.2.1 Ideal campus environment 2.2.2 Sustainable university campus 2.3 Environmental Management System (EMS) 2.3.1 Review of some EMS implementation 2.3.2 Successes and Bottlenecks 2.3.3 Relationship with EIA 2.3.3 EMS versus Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) 2.4 GIS 2.4.1. Roles of GIS in environmental management 2.4.3 Integrating GIS in EMS planning, implementation & management CRP 535

  4. Presentation Outlines CHAPTER THREE: University EMS Process 3.1 Introduction 3.2 University Environmental Policy 3.3 EMS Planning 3.4 Implementation and operation 3.5 Checking and corrective Action 3.6 Management and improvement 3.7 EMS and Campus Sustainability 3.8 Experiences of EMS Implementation in some universities in the world CRP 535

  5. Chapter One Introduction • EMS is the overall practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy of an organization to reduce its negative environmental impacts & improve efficiency • EMS based on the ISO 14001 standard, are highly regarded means of tracking the environmental impacts of organizations of any size, including colleges and universities. • The concept emanated 20 yrs ago when corporations and industries are the main adopters. Recently municipalities, universities, hospitals are implementing it • universities have complex activities and operations with potentially significant environmental impacts and hence need EMS • They use considerable amounts of resources (Land, energy & water), each with implications for environmental quality • laboratory use, buildings and grounds maintenance and chemical use • EMS contributes to a vibrant and progressive campus environment. CRP 535

  6. Chapter One cont…. • Aim of the Research • to develop a framework for implementing a GIS- based Environmental Management System (EMS) for universities towards achieving sustainable campuses • Goals & Objectives • To review various literatures on relevant terminologies & concepts including environmental policies, protection and management, EMS, GIS, University Campus and sustainability, etc • To study and analyze the implementation of EMS in major universities in the world and learn lessons from their experiences • To develop a framework for implementing a GIS-based EMS for universities using KFUPM as a prototype • To recommend ways by which universities can improve their planning and implementation of EMS CRP 535

  7. Chapter One cont…. • Scope and Limitations • to develop a framework for implementing a GIS- based Environmental Management System (EMS) for universities towards achieving sustainable campuses • Data Source • secondary sources: journal articles, maps, text books and conference paperssearch engines on the internet, hard copies and library • primary sources: university administration, works and maintenance, housing, transport, planning and quality departments • Thesis organization • Project is divided into five chapters- 1: introduction; 2: Literature Review; 3: University EMS; 4: Framework for Implementing a GIS-Based EMS in KFUPM; 5: Conclusion and Recommendation CRP 535

  8. Chapter Two Literature Review • Environment: An Overview • “refers to a complex of surrounding circumstances, conditions, or influences in which a thing is situated or is developed, or in which a person or organism lives, modifying and determining its life or character” • Environmental Policy • A management’s declaration of its commitment to the environment. • framework for setting environmental objectives and targets on prevention of pollution and environmental degradation, Continual environmental improvement and Compliance with relevant laws and regulations etc • serve as the foundation for EMS and provide a unifying vision of environmental concern by the entire organization • Environmental Management • effective & active measures taken for the protection & conservation of the environment, heritage and natural resources for which a government, organization or individual is responsible • The mobilization of resources to control the use, improvement or conservation of environment and to reduce conflicts created by its use • planning & implementation of actions geared to improve the quality of the human environment. CRP 535

  9. Chapter Two cont … • Environmental Protection • Various wide-ranging Activities in different fronts aimed at conserving and safeguarding the environment against pollution, degradation & abuse etc • To limit global environmental threats (such as global warming, draught, waste) to safeguarding individuals from the effects of poor air quality or toxic chemicals • It produces benefits such as housing (through improved energy efficiency of buildings), social progress (through action to combat fuel poverty) and economic growth (through more efficient use of resources, such as re-use, recycling and recovery of waste • Environmental Sustainability • Continuity of economic, social, institutional and environmental aspects of human society, as well as the non-human environment • preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems, and planning and acting for the ability to maintain these ideals in a very long term • conservation and enhancement of the resources base by using nature's resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally • economic, social and cultural development that would be compatible with a safe environment CRP 535

  10. Chapter Two cont…. • University Campus • Heterogeneous environment for Learning, Living, Research & Development. Etc • Contains various structures, activities and land uses. • Ideal Campus Environment • clean air & water • quiet and serene atmosphere for learning • beautiful landscape and scenic environment • green transport infrastructure (footpaths, cycleways, greenways, etc) • public parks and gardens • campus squares and recreation facilities • water bodies (like rivers, streams, fountains etc) • Mountains, forestsetc • Sustainable University Campus • A healthy and stable University benefiting the present and future students, staff and Lecturers • A clean and enjoyable campus environment with equity and social justice • A prosperous University economy through energy and resource conservation, waste reduction and efficient environmental management CRP 535

  11. Chapter Two cont…. • Merits of EMS Implementation • reduce waste, resource depletion and environmental pollution; • design products for minimizing environmental impact in product use and disposal; • control environmental impact of raw material sourcing and new product development; • promote environmental awareness among employees and within the community; • provide a platform for companies and organizations to demonstrate their commitment to environmental protection; • help management pursue continual improvement in environmental performance; • provide a world-wide focus on environmental management; • promote a voluntary, consensus standard approach for environmental issues; • harmonies national environmental rules, labels, and methods; • demonstrate a commitment to moving beyond regulatory compliance; • improve global environmental management and promote sustainable development through trade and minimize environmental trade barriers. • Levels of EMS Implementation • Corporate and Industry level: Companies, industriesetc (Ammenberg and Sundin, 2005) • Local and municipal areas: Cities, Metropolis, etc (Keen and Sullivan, 2005) • Organizations and Institutions: Universities, military barracks and hospitals etc (Barnes and Jerman, 2002) CRP 535

  12. Chapter Two cont…. Review of some EMS Implementation • Successes • reduce waste, resource depletion and environmental pollution; • improve the environmental friendliness of their respective institutions; • promote environmental awareness among employees and within the community; • provide a platform for Universities to demonstrate their commitment to environmental protection; • help management pursue continual improvement in environmental performance; • provide a world-wide focus on environmental management; • promote a voluntary, consensus standard approach for environmental issues; • harmonise national environmental rules, labels, and methods; • demonstrate a commitment to moving beyond regulatory compliance; • improve global environmental management and promote sustainable development through trade and minimise environmental trade barriers. CRP 535

  13. Chapter Two cont…. Bottlenecks • data were not available because or only available in manual form (e.g. via inventory lists in the materials stockroom); • data were only available via invoices (e.g. waste disposal) or were included in files which could not be accessed using SQL-enquiries (e.g. chemicals); • Also, the expected cost involved and the time needed to prepare documentation was rated highly by the respondents on the survey by Zutshi and Sohal (2004a). • Cost relating to conducting internal audits and external audits were also identified as impediments. • Training of employees and resistance from employees due to changes in operating procedures are also noted obstacles. One of the major impediments associated with ISO 14001 was the high dollar costs associated with actual implementation and external auditors’ fees. • Mobilizing resources such as time, personnel and finances is difficult in local authorities, Limited resources for EMS implementation. • According to Lozano and Valles (in press) economic costs of the implementation and maintenance of the system are high. There is the also the risk that EMSs may become add-on projects in the organization and not an incorporated continuous process (Emilsson and Hjelm, 2002) • In some German Universities, there is a complete lack of a resource-saving comprehensive concept (Viebahn, 2002) CRP 535

  14. Chapter Two cont…. • Roles of GIS in Environmental Management • Environmental Assessment and monitoring • Conservation of areas of historic and scenic importance etc • Infrastructure and utilities management • Environmental protection and management • Integrating GIS in EMS • University site plans and details of site history / development • Utilities: Electricity, Water & Drainage plans and surveys • Maintenance plans and records • Sites, location and type of waste generated and how it is dealt with • Any visible evidence of land or water contamination • the condition of the overall university campus: buildings, storage facilities and any pollution control measures CRP 535

  15. Chapter Three EMS Process • Environmental policy • Would be defined and endorsed by University management • Should address environmental impacts relevant to the University • It should include commitments to the improvement of the university environmental performance • Shall also include a commitment to comply with its country's environmental laws and regulations, and other international requirements or obligations to which the institution has agreed. • It should provide a framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets. • The policy implementation would be maintained and communicated to all Stake holders • EMS Planning • Overall management system which includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practice, procedures, processes, and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy. • Identify priorities and set appropriate environmental objectives and targets that support the policy and responsibilities. • Identify operations plan requirements, performance indicators, monitoring and measurement methods, and emergency-response needs. • Identify personnel training and documentation requirements • EMS Unit defines EMS procedures • Compile implementation manual CRP 535

  16. Chapter Three cont…. • GIS in EMS Planning • Design of a database of operations and plan requirements • Storage of data on the location of operational areas with environmental aspects and impacts and their types • Storage of data on operational controls • Location of environmental aspects and impacts • Design of EMS plan • Structural and activities documentation. • EMS management • Public participation • The process by which the views & concerns of the public are identified and incorporated into the decision making process of activities affecting them • Citizens are fully involved in data collection, planning and setting up priorities and goals • Accomplished via open general public meeting/hearing, interview with selected student representatives and formation of advisory panel of selected people from faculty and staff CRP 535

  17. Chapter Three cont…. • EMS Implementation • Establish an implementation and management team and a description of operations, organizational structure and responsibilities for each. • Training would be given to ensure implementation through operating procedures. • Communication between the various levels and functions of the organization will make implementation to be more successful. EMS Document Control • Emergency Response and Preparedness • Review & Improvement • Final stage that reviews the EMS to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness. • Measurement & Monitoring will enhance agencies performance and productivity through performance review, budgeting, and profit-and-loss analysis and audit. The final stage includes the following actions • EMS Nonconformance & Corrective & Preventive Action for Compliance • Records & EMS Audits • Administration Review CRP 535

  18. Chapter Three cont…. • EMS and Campus Sustainability • Not achievable without sound environmental policy and management system • Process of change that ensures exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs • clean and protected University environment is an important pillar of sustainable development (Elizabete et al, 2005) • pattern of development that would be compatible with a safe environment, biodiversity, and ecological balance, intergenerational equity CRP 535

  19. Chapter Three cont…. • Experiences of EMS Implementation in some Universities in the world • University of South Carolina • three research Campuses have come together through the Sustainable Universities Initiative (SUI) to incorporate sustainability into their own institutions • The Universities began looking seriously at environmental management practices in the early 1990s • Student groups and individuals began developing environmental management programs to alert university personnel to the university’s impact on the environment (Barnes and Jerman, 2002). • University of South Carolina establishes Center for Environmental Policy to handle the system • program contains several elements that are equivalent to related requirements of the National Environmental Achievement Track elements and in full satisfaction of the corresponding requirements of the national program CRP 535

  20. Chapter Three cont…. • Leeds Metropolitan University • Second UK university to implement EMS and gain ISO 14001 certification • EMS planning, implementation and management unit consists of Board of Governors, Executive Board, Environmental Policy Steering Group, Environmental Projects Manager, Environmental co-coordinators and some Members of Staff • Leeds EMS has achieved a series of savings: • An annual increase of 2.5% in student numbers • A 13% rise in floor space, • A 4% reduction in water consumption, through investment infrastructure and conservation technology; • Limiting their increase in gas consumption to 1.7%. CRP 535

  21. Chapter Three cont…. Göteborg University, Sweden implemented an EMS during 1998 and 1999 according to the recommendations given by the Swedish government in "Ecological sustainability” make its students and personnel aware of environmental and development problems and, through research, education and interaction with the community aim to prevent or reduce its negative environmental impact Environmental considerations are incorporated into all decision-making processes- Research, teaching, administration, management and technical functions, are all characterised by environmental accountability. environmental work will be continually improved and evaluated by regular environmental audits. comply with applicable environmental legal requirements The EMS at the University is certified. CRP 535

  22. References • Ammenberg, J. and Sundin, E. (2005) Products in environmental management systems: drivers, barriers and experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, pp. 405-415 • Arce, R. and Gullon, N. (2000) The application of Strategic Environmental Assessment to sustainability assessment of infrastructure development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20, pp. 393–402 • Barnes, P. and Jerman, P. (2002) Developing an environmental management system for a multiple-university consortium. Journal of Cleaner Production, 10, pp. 33–39 • Briffett, C., Obbard, J.P. and Mackee J. (2003) Towards SEA for the developing nations of Asia. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23, pp.171–196 • Chaker A., El-Fadl, K., Chamas, L. and Hatjian, B. (2006) A review of strategic environmental assessment in 12 selected countries. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 26 (1), pp. 15– 56 • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), (2000) Strategic Environmental Assessment in South Africa, guideline document, South Africa http://www.environment.gov.za • Devuyst, D., Wijngaarden, T. V. and Hens, L. (2000) Implementation of SEA in Flanders: Attitudes of key stakeholders and a user-friendly methodology. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20, pp. 65–83 CRP 535

  23. References Cont …… • Elisabeth M., Seifferta, B. and Loch C. (2005) Systemic thinking in environmental management: support for sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13, pp. 1197-1202 • Environment International Ltd. (EI) 2001. College and University Environmental Management System Implementation Guide • www.epa.gov/ne/assistance/univ/pdfs/emsImpGuide1.pdf • Emilsson, S. and Hjelm, O. (2002) Implementation of standardized environmental management systems in Swedish local authorities: reasons, expectations and some outcomes. European science & policy, 5, pp. 443-448 • Fischer, T.B. (2003) Strategic Environmental Assessment in post-modern times. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23, pp. 155–170 • Herremans, I. and Allwright, D.E. (2000) Environmental Management Systems at North American Universities: What Drives Good Performance?International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education • Hillary, R. (2004) Environmental management systems and the smaller enterprise. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12, pp. 561–569 • Hui, I.K., Chan, A. and Pun, K.F. (2001) A study of environmental management system implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 9, pp. 269–276 CRP 535

  24. References Cont …… • Iwerks G.S. and Samet, H. (1999) Integrating the Natural Environment into a GIS for Decision Support. Computer Science Department, Centre for Automation Research, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 • Keen, M. and Sullivan, M. (2005) Aiding the environment: the Australian Development Agency’s experience of implementing an environmental management system. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25, pp. 628– 649 • KFUPM, 2006. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals homepage, http://www.kfupm.edu.sa/ • Liou, M. and Yu, Y. (2004) Development and implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Taiwan. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24, pp. 337–350 • Lozano, M. and Valles, J. (in press) An analysis of the implementation of an environmental management system in a local public administration. Journal of Environmental Management • Melnyk, S.A., Sroufe, R.P. and Calonton, R. (2003) Assessing the impact of environmental management systems on corporate and environmental performance.Journal of Operations Management, 21, pp. 329–351 • Morrow, D. and Rondinelli, D. (2002) Adopting Corporate Environmental Management Systems: Motivations and Results of ISO 14001 and EMAS Certification. European Management Journal, 20 (2), pp. 159–171 • Newman, L. (2006) Change, uncertainty, and futures of Sustainable Development. Futures, 38 (5), pp. 633-637 CRP 535

  25. THANK YOU For Listening CRP 535

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