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Salvia: Today’s Legal Hallucinogen

Salvia: Today’s Legal Hallucinogen. 2009 ACHA San Francisco, CA Dr. Lori Dewald, EdD, ATC, CHES, F-AAHE Dept. of Health and Physical Education Salisbury University Salisbury, MD. Salvia: what is it?.

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Salvia: Today’s Legal Hallucinogen

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  1. Salvia: Today’s Legal Hallucinogen 2009 ACHA San Francisco, CA Dr. Lori Dewald, EdD, ATC, CHES, F-AAHE Dept. of Health and Physical Education Salisbury University Salisbury, MD

  2. Salvia: what is it? • Salvia has been prominent for decades as an herb in the Sierra Mazatecca area of Mexico, and Central and South America. • It is from the sage family. • Used in traditional spiritual and ethnopharmacological practices by the Mazatec Indians of the Oaxaca, Mexico. • They use it to treat headaches, diarrhea, and rheumatism. • Also use to treat “swollen belly” which is a curse from an evil sorcerer. • In the USA, it has been used by landscapers as a ground cover. 2009 ACHA

  3. Salvia Plants 2009 ACHA

  4. Salvia: what is it? • Salvia is the new LSD for today’s young people who are entering into recreational drug use. • Why? 2009 ACHA

  5. Why? • It is legal in 44 US states! • It is only illegal in: • Delaware • Louisiana • Missouri • New Jersey • New York • Tennessee 2009 ACHA

  6. A Legal High • However, it has become better known in US adolescents and teenagers as a cheap (less then $15.00) and legal hallucinogen. • Its usage among adolescents, teenagers, and college students has exploded in popularity in the USA. “If you are into hallucinating, then ‘shrooms’ are out and Sally D is in”….stated an SU student in my classroom on March 27, 2009. 2009 ACHA

  7. Why is it so popular? • The drug is available in stores without an age requirement for purchase. • Retail stores in many locations even advertise it in the store front windows with neon signs claiming: “We have Salvia!” 2009 ACHA

  8. 2009 ACHA

  9. Legally High 2009 ACHA

  10. Controlled and Not Controlled • It is NOT a controlled substance in the USA! • It is a controlled substance in: • Australia • Belgium • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • Germany • Italy • South Korea • Sweden 2009 ACHA

  11. Drug Enforcement Agency Classification • The Drug Enforcement Agency lists salvia as a Schedule I drug, just like LSD. • It is on the DEA’s list of “drugs of concern”. • Valdes, et al. states that “salvia is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen thus far”. 2009 ACHA

  12. Also Known As… • Magic Mint • Ska Maria Pastora • Tripping on Sally D 2009 ACHA

  13. How used • It is chewed, swallowed, and smoked. • Chewed as fresh leaves or in a quid and kept in the mouth. • Swallowed when eaten raw or in a brewed liquid like tea. • Smoked like marijuana. • Large bowled pipe, bong, or water pipe. • Rolled into a “Sally D” cigarette. 2009 ACHA

  14. Salvia Leaves 2009 ACHA

  15. Sold in Various Potencies • 5x • 10x • 15x • 20x • 30x • 40x 2009 ACHA

  16. Effectiveness Depends Upon Usage • Chewing or sucking or drinking results in a slower onset hallucination, BUT a deeper and more sustained experience. • Smoking or snorting results in an immediate effect. • Using a bong, water pipe, or bowl is a more effective and less wasteful method. • The leaves are smoked alone and not mixed with tobacco…in fact, it is not recommended that it be mixed with tobacco into a cigarette. 2009 ACHA

  17. Hallucinations • The hallucinations include: • psychedelic experiences with vision and body sensations. • a decreased ability to interact with one’s surroundings. • a perception of overlapping realities, anxiety, discontent, and impaired speech. 2009 ACHA

  18. Length of Hallucinations • The “high” lasts 1 minute to 2 hours depending upon the potency. 2009 ACHA

  19. Amount of Usage • Less than 200 grams will result in a 1 minute to 30 minute hallucination. • 200-500 grams will result in a 30 minute to 2 hour hallucination. 2009 ACHA

  20. Youtube videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI_e3XJ0ir8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWeVExX3Bf4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYxkp62veWE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGphHpSpPQE 2009 ACHA

  21. How Common is it’s Usein College Students? 2009 ACHA

  22. Research Studies • Lange, et al. April 2008 • Location • Large public university in the southwestern USA. • Method • Online survey. • Subjects • 1516 respondents. • Results • 4.4% of students reported using salvia in the past 12 months. • Subpopulations of the typical user. • Whites. • Males. • Fraternity members. • Heavy episodic drinkers. • Typically most at risk for drug use within college students. 2009 ACHA

  23. Research Studies • Miller (in press, June 2009) • Location • Southeastern university. • Method • Survey. • Subjects • 826 undergraduates. • Results • 6.7% of those surveyed were using salvia. 2009 ACHA

  24. Media Attention in Local Newspapers that Documented Salvia Usage in College Students • Ohio State University • University of Kansas • Ball State University • University of Oklahoma • Northern Illinois University • Ohio University • University of North Dakota • University of Florida • Salisbury University 2009 ACHA

  25. Ephedra’s Demise = Salvia’s Rise • When ephedra was banned in May of 2004, salvia overtook ephedra as the most common substance available over the internet. 2009 ACHA

  26. Treatment Protocols • Short and long term effects of salvia usage are not yet known. • Overdose treatment protocols have not yet been developed. 2009 ACHA

  27. Drug Testing? The active compound is (Salvinorin A) or its metabolites (the substances broken down by the body) can’t detect by: Standard Drug Tests = No Extended Drug Tests = No Can it be tested for? Yes, but only through complicated and expensive lab tests. • by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in blood and urine. • by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in blood, urine, and saliva. • by high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in blood and urine. 2009 ACHA

  28. Half Life • Less than an hour after the hallucination. • Detection window is less than 12 hours. 2009 ACHA

  29. Future “Legal” Drugs… 2009 ACHA

  30. Legal Herbs/Drugson the Horizon Sinicuichi Lion’s Tail 2009 ACHA

  31. More Legal Herbs/Drugson the Horizon Sweet Flag Blue lotus 2009 ACHA

  32. What Can We Do About Salvia and these Future Drugs? • Collaborate with your state and regional ACHA affiliates. • Contact your state legislator and set up a meeting with them. • Ask them to develop legislation to ban it at your state level. • Contact your US senator(s) and US house of representative(s) and ask them to ban it at the federal level. • Meet with your city council and ask that they ban it at the city level. • Work with the business community to stop selling it. • Ban it on and from your campus by working with student affairs and the institution’s administration. 2009 ACHA

  33. The following legislative bill template is provided by Dr. Greg Yeakel, PharmD from Iowa State University’s Student Health Center. Email address: gyeakel@iastate.edu This bill adds hallucinogenic substances to the list of schedule I controlled substances. The bill adds “salvia divinorum” and “salvinorin A”, also known as “divinorum A”, to the list of schedule I controlled substances. A schedule I controlled substance is considered to have a high potential for abuse and no medical purpose in treatment in the USA. The bill makes it a class “C” felony pursuant to Code section ______________ for any unauthorized person to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver, salvia divinorum or salvinorin A, including its counterfeit or a simulated form, or to act with, enter into a common scheme or design with, or conspire with one or more other persons to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver salvia divinorum or salvinorin A. The bill also makes it a serious misdemeanor pursuant to Code section _____________, for any unauthorized person to possess salvia divinorum or salvinorum A. A class “C felony is punishable by confinement for no more than 10 years and a fine of at least $1,000.00 but not more than $10,000.00. A serious misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more than one year and a fine of at least $315.00 but not more than $1,875. 2009 ACHA

  34. References 1. Dalgarno, P. June 2007. Subjective Effects of Salvia Divinorum. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 39(2): 143-149. 2. Gonzalez, D., Riba, J., Bouso, J., Gomez-Jarabo, G., Barbanoj, M. 2006. Pattern of Use and Subjective Effects of Salvia Divinorum Among Recreational Users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 85:157-162. 3. Griffin, O., Miller, B., Khey, D. June 2008. Legally High? Legal Considerations of Salvia Divinorum. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 40(2):183-191. 4. Hoover, V., Marlowe, D., Patapis, N., Festinger, D., Forman, R. July 2008. Internet Access to Salvia Divinorum: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 35(1):22-27. 5. Lange, J., Reed, M., Croff, J., Clapp, J. April 2008. College Student Use of Salvia Divinorum. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 94(1-3):263-266. 6. Khey, D, Miller, B., Griffin, O. Salvia 2008. Divinorum Use Among A College Student Sample. Journal of Drug Education. 38(3):297-306. 7. http://www.npr.org/story/salvia/ March 20, 2006. 8. Prisinzano, T. 2005. Psychopharmacology of the Hallucinogenic Sage Salvia Divinorum. Life Sciences. 78:527-531. 9. Singh, S. 2007. Adolescent: Salvia Substance Abuse. Addiction. 102:823-824. 10. Valdes, L., Seymour, R. 2008. Salvinorin A is Not Your Usual Cup of Tea. Psychopharmacology Update. 9(7):3-4. 2009 ACHA

  35. Thank you 2009 ACHA

  36. Questions?Contact information:LoriDewald@yahoo.com 2009 ACHA

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