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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Properties of Acids. Acids taste sour Acids effect indicators Blue litmus turns red Methyl orange turns red Acids have a pH lower than 7 Acids are proton (hydrogen ion, H + ) donors Acids react with active metals, produce H 2 Acids react with carbonates

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Properties of Acids • Acids taste sour • Acids effect indicators • Blue litmus turns red • Methyl orange turns red • Acids have a pH lower than 7 • Acids are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donors • Acids react with active metals, produce H2 • Acids react with carbonates • Acids neutralize bases

  3. Acids you must know: Strong Acids Weak Acids Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 Formic acid, HCHO2 Hydrochloric acid, HCl Acetic acid, HC2H3O2 Nitric acid, HNO3 Phosphoric acid, H3PO4

  4. Sulfuric Acid • Highest volume production of any chemical in the U.S. • Used in the production of paper • Used in production of fertilizers • Used in petroleum refining

  5. Nitric Acid • Used in the production of fertilizers • Used in the production of explosives • Nitric acid is a volatile acid – its reactive components evaporate easily • Stains proteins (including skin!)

  6. Hydrochloric Acid • Used in the pickling of steel • Used to purify magnesium from sea water • Part of gastric juice, it aids in the digestion of protein • Sold commercially as “Muriatic acid”

  7. Phosphoric Acid • A flavoring agent in sodas • Used in the manufacture of detergents • Used in the manufacture of fertilizers • Not a common laboratory reagent

  8. Acetic Acid • Used in the manufacture of plastics • Used in making pharmaceuticals • Acetic acid is the acid present in vinegar

  9. Acids are Proton Donors Monoprotic acids Diprotic acids Triprotic acids H3PO4 HCl H2SO4 HC2H3O2 H2CO3 HNO3

  10. Acids Effect Indicators Blue litmus paper turns red in contact with an acid.

  11. Acids Have a pH less than 7

  12. Acids React with Active Metals Acids react with active metals to form salts and hydrogen gas. Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2(g)

  13. Acids React with Carbonates 2HC2H3O2 + Na2CO3 2 NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2

  14. Effects of Acid Rain on Marble(calcium carbonate) George Washington: BEFORE George Washington: AFTER

  15. Acids Neutralize Bases HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Neutralization reactions ALWAYS produce a salt and water.

  16. Products of Neutralization HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2 H2O HNO3 + KOH  KNO3 + H2O The products of neutralization are always a ______ and _______. salt water

  17. Properties of Bases • Bases taste bitter • Most medicines are weak bases • Bases affect indicators • Red litmus turns blue • Phenolphthalein turns magenta • Bases have a pH greater than 7 • Bases are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) acceptors • Solutions of bases feel slippery • Bases neutralize acids

  18. Examples of Bases • Sodium hydroxide (lye), NaOH • Potassium hydroxide, KOH • Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 • Calcium hydroxide (lime), Ca(OH)2

  19. Bases Effect Indicators Red litmus paper turns blue in contact with a base. Phenolphthalein turns purple in a base.

  20. Bases have a pH greater than 7

  21. Bases Neutralize Acids Milk of Magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, which neutralizes stomach acid, HCl. 2 HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2 H2O

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