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End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

End of WWI & The Peace Settlements. Armistice 11/11/1918 @ 11 a.m. Paris Peace Conference January 1919. I. Important Dates. II. What factors contributed to the end of WWI?. war weariness strikes in Germany Russian Revolution US entry 2 nd Battle of the Marne.

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End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

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  1. End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

  2. Armistice 11/11/1918 @ 11 a.m. Paris Peace Conference January 1919 I. Important Dates

  3. II. What factors contributed to the end of WWI? • war weariness • strikes in Germany • Russian Revolution • US entry • 2nd Battle of the Marne

  4. III. What happened in the German Revolution of 1918? • Events • July 1917: moderates pass “peace resolution” • July 1918: 2nd Battle of the Marne • Oct: kaiser forms new gov’t. to sue for peace • Nov: working class / army revolts  German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II • ***overthrow kaiser*** • ***establish Weimar Republic*** • (Nov. 9) Weimar Republic Friedrich Ebert

  5. III. What happened in the German Revolution of 1918? • Who gained power • liberals & socialists [Social Democrats] • communists unsuccessful Friedrich Ebert Karl Liebknecht Rosa Luxemburg

  6. Weimar Republic signs armistice & Versailles Treaty = blamed for accepting defeat III. How will the German Revolution of 1918 open the door for Hitler?

  7. 27 nations (no Germany or Russia) Big Three Lloyd George (GB) Clemenceau (Fr) Wilson (US) IV. Paris Peace Conference Lloyd George, Orlando (Italy), Clemenceau, Wilson

  8. IV. Paris Peace Conference • Agendas of the Big Three • Wilson: just peace • 14 Points: self-determination & League of Nations • Lloyd George: moderate peace • voter pressure for harsh peace • Clemenceau: harsh peace • Franco-Prussian War (1871) – harsh peace

  9. IV. Paris Peace Conference • 5 treaties • Versailles (Germany) • St. Germain (Austria) • Trianon (Hungary) • Sèvres, 1920 / Lausanne, 1923 (Turkey) • Neuilly (Bulgaria) • 2 main issues • territorial changes based on self-determination • reparations

  10. V. Treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919) • Terms •  military •  land • war guilt • reparations ($33b) • US did not ratify • Henry Cabot Lodge • League of Nations

  11. VI. Postwar Territorial Changes Germany

  12. Which countries in Europe were born out of WWI? • Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia • Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bessarabia (Moldova)

  13. Which countries in the ME were born out of WWI? • Lebanon, Syria (France) • Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq (GB) • Turkey (ind.)

  14. League of Nations Mandates (Middle East & Africa) French Mandate of Syria French Mandate of Lebanon British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Transjordan British Mandate of Iraq British Togoland French Togoland British Cameroon French Cameroon Ruanda-Urundi Tanganyika South-West Africa

  15. Was the Versailles Treaty a just peace????

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