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09/24/2019 Materials pen/pencil notebook

AGENDA Bell work Atomic structure Atomic model history Notes. NO GUM PLEASE!!!. 09/24/2019 Materials pen/pencil notebook. DO: Today we will discuss the components of an atom. DQ: What does an atom look like? (draw a picture if you cant explain). Atoms. What is an atom ?

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09/24/2019 Materials pen/pencil notebook

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  1. AGENDA Bell work Atomic structure Atomic model history Notes NO GUM PLEASE!!! 09/24/2019Materialspen/pencilnotebook DO: Today we will discuss the components of an atom. DQ: What does an atom look like? (draw a picture if you cant explain)

  2. Atoms What is an atom? • The basic building blocks of ordinary matter • The basic unit of a chemical element. (ex: gold, oxygen, mercury) • Consists of 3 basic parts - protons, neutrons, electrons (also called subatomic particles)

  3. Atoms Protons • Positively charged subatomic particle • Located inside the nucleus • Included in the atom’s mass. • 1 proton = 1atomic mass unit (amu) • Atomic Number = # of protons • Determines the element’s identity

  4. Atoms Neutrons • No electrical charge • Located inside the nucleus • Included in the atom’s mass • 1 neutron = 1atomic mass unit (amu) • May not always be the same as the number of protons.

  5. Atoms Electrons • Negatively charged subatomic particle • Located outside the nucleus. • Does not contribute to the atom’s mass. • 1 Electron = 1/2000 atomic mass unit (amu) • In a neutral atom the number of protons and electrons are equal.

  6. Atom The basic unit of matter. The smallest amount of any chemical element. History of the Atom Scientists and Their Contribution to the Model of an Atom

  7. History of the Atom - Timeline Antoine Lavoisier makes a substantial number of contributions to the field of Chemistry J.J. Thomson discovers the electron and proposes the Plum Pudding Model in 1897 Niels Bohr proposes the Bohr Model in 1913 James Chadwick discovered the neutron in in 1932 1766 – 1844 1871 – 1937 1887 – 1961 460 – 370 BC 1700s 1800s 1900s 0 Erwin Schrodinger describes the electron cloud in 1926 Ernest Rutherford performs the Gold Foil Experiment in 1909 Democritus proposes the 1st atomic theory John Dalton proposes his atomic theory in 1803 1891 – 1974 1743 – 1794 1885 – 1962 1856 – 1940 Click on picture for more information

  8. Democritus(460 BC – 370 BC) • Proposed an Atomic Theory (along with his mentor Leucippus) which states that all atoms are small, hard, indivisible and indestructible particles made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes. • Aristotle did not support his atomic theory Image taken from: https://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/T.+Glenn+Time+Line+Project Click the home button to go back to the timeline from each slide.

  9. Antoine Lavoisier(1743 – 1794) • Known as the “Father of Modern Chemistry” • Was the first person to generate a list of thirty-three elements in his textbook • Devised the metric system • Was married to a 13-year old Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze; she assisted him with much of his work • Was a tax-collector that was consequently guillotined during the French Revolution • Discovered/proposed that combustion occurs when oxygen combines with other elements • Discovered/proposed the Law of Conservation of Mass (or Matter) which states, in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed Image taken from: www.ldeo.columbia.edu/.../v1001/geotime2.html

  10. John Dalton (1766 – 1844) • In 1803, proposed an Atomic Theory which states: • All substances are made of atoms; atoms are small particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. • Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different • Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances • Calculated the atomic weights of many various elements • Was a teacher at a very young age • Was color blind Image taken from: chemistry.about.com/.../John-Dalton.htm

  11. J.J. Thomson (1856 – 1940) • Proved that an atom can be divided into smaller parts • While experimenting with cathode-ray tubes, discovered corpuscles, which were later called electrons • Stated that the atom is neutral • In 1897, proposed the Plum Pudding Model which states that atoms mostly consist of positively charged material with negatively charged particles (electrons) located throughout the positive material • Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2008/04/dayintech_0430

  12. Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937) • In 1909, performed the Gold Foil Experiment and suggested the following characteristics of the atom: • It consists of a small core, or nucleus, that contains most of the mass of the atom • This nucleus is made up of particles called protons, which have a positive charge • The protons are surrounded by negatively charged electrons, but most of the atom is actually empty space • Did extensive work on radioactivity (alpha & beta particles, gamma rays/waves) and was referred to as the “Father of Nuclear Physics” • Won a Nobel Prize • Was a student of J.J. Thomson • Was on the New Zealand $100 bill Image taken from: http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Physics/Biographies/ErnestRutherford.html

  13. Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962) • In 1913, proposed the Bohr Model, which suggests that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in orbits or definite paths. Additionally, the electrons can jump from a path in one level to a path in another level (depending on their energy) • Won a Nobel Prize • Worked with Ernest Rutherford Image taken from: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg

  14. Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961) • In 1926, he further explained the nature of electrons in an atom by stating that the exact location of an electron cannot be stated; therefore, it is more accurate to view the electrons in regions called electron clouds; electron clouds are places where the electrons are likely to be found • Did extensive work on the Wave formula  Schrodinger equation • Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: nobelprize.org/.../1933/schrodinger-bio.html

  15. James Chadwick (1891 – 1974) • Realized that the atomic mass of most elements was double the number of protons  discovery of the neutron in 1932 • Worked on the Manhattan Project • Worked with Ernest Rutherford • Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2009/02/dayintech_0227

  16. - - + - - - - Progression of the Atomic Model The structure of an atom, according to: Democritus & Lavoisier & John Dalton James Chadwick Neils Bohr Ernest Rutherford Erwin Schrodinger J.J. Thomson

  17. QUARKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlv06lSAC7c

  18. Atoms Periodic Table • This table shows all the different atoms there are on Earth. • It’s called the Periodic Table of Elements. • Remember, an atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. Let’s take a closer look at one atom(element).

  19. Face Partner -Atoms What can we tell about this atom (element) from the PPT? 1. The element’s (atom’s) name. Nitrogen 2. The symbol for nitrogen. (N) 3. The number of protons (7), which is also referred to as the atomic number. 4. The atomic mass (14.007). (protons + neutrons = atomic mass) 5. How can we determine the number of neutrons in nitrogen? Hint: atomic mass (14) – atomic number (7)= neutrons 7 N Nitrogen 14.007

  20. Shoulder Partner– Atom Practice Grab a partner and let’s practice. Do the math! Make up 4 problems of your own asking for the element name, #of protons, neutrons and electrons.

  21. Check for Understanding Can you… • Describe the sturcture of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons? • Identify an element by its number of protons?

  22. Periodic • Occurring or Recurring at Regular Intervals • Elements are Arranged in Many Ways on the Periodic Table • Similar Properties • Reactivity • Atomic Size • Density • Etc… The Periodic Table

  23. Size of Atoms • Decreases from LEFT to RIGHT and Increases from TOP to BOTTOM • Largest: Cesium • Smallest: Helium • Density • Increases from TOP to BOTTOM • Increases from the OUTSIDE INWARD • Hydrogen: 0.00009 g/cm3 • Osmium: 22.57 g/cm3 The Periodic Table…Continued

  24. Group – A vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a group have similar properties. Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a period have varying properties. Reactive – Likely to undergo a chemical change Metal– An element that tends to be shiny, easily shaped, and a good conductor of electricity and heat Nonmetal – An element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite those of a metal. Chapter 1 Vocabulary

  25. Metalloid– An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Radioactivity – The process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles Half-life – The amount of time it takes for half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay into atoms of another element Chapter 1 Vocabulary

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