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Earth’s Atmosphere

Earth’s Atmosphere. The Air Sphere. Gases in the Air. Many gases make up the air we breathe Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (20%) Water Vapour (0-4%) Carbon Dioxide (0.036%) Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone (< 0.001%). Where do these gases come from?. Cellular Respiration

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Earth’s Atmosphere

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  1. Earth’s Atmosphere The Air Sphere

  2. Gases in the Air • Many gases make up the air we breathe • Nitrogen (78%) • Oxygen (20%) • Water Vapour (0-4%) • Carbon Dioxide (0.036%) • Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone (< 0.001%)

  3. Where do these gases come from? Cellular Respiration • A process used by animals to produce energy from food that is consumed ConsumedReleased Oxygen + sugar  carbon dioxide + water + energy

  4. Products of Cellular respirationsteam (water vapour) and carbon dioxide

  5. Where do these gases come from? Photosynthesis • Process used by plants to produce energy • Energy from sunlight is captured using chlorophyll and used to produce sugars Consumed Released Carbon dioxide + water  sugars + oxygen

  6. Natural Balance • Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide • Animals breathe in oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide • Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and produces oxygen • Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen

  7. Air Pollution Combustion • Energy from hydrocarbons (fossil fuels, gasoline, natural gas) is used to power vehicles, heat homes, produce electricity etc. Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water • Burning fossil fuels requires oxygen, and produces carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere

  8. Air Pollution Sources in Canada • Vehicle Emissions • Industrial Sources (factories) • Energy Production (for electricity and heating) • Livestock and fertilizers In 2009, Canada emitted 521 megatons of CO2 • that’s 521 million tons of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere in one year

  9. Ontario’s Energy, Nanticoke Power Plant • North America’s largest coal-fired power plant • Produced more than 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2010

  10. Greenhouse Effect

  11. Greenhouse Effect • Greenhouse gases (GHG’s) trap and re-radiate heat from the sun back towards Earth • This is normal (to some extent), keeps Earth warm enough for life • Greenhouse Gases • Water vapour • Methane • Carbon dioxide • Ozone • Carbon monoxide

  12. Greenhouse Effect with Pollution

  13. Solutions to Reduce Air Pollution • Reduce carbon dioxide emissions • Hybrid-electric vehicles use burn less gasoline • Fully-electric vehicles use no gasoline • Stop burning fossil fuels for energy (use solar or wind power instead) • Remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere • Planting trees helps capture and store carbon dioxide by photosynthesis

  14. Reduce Carbon Dioxide • Hybrid-Electric Vehicles burn less gasoline than conventional vehicles

  15. Reduce Carbon Dioxide Fully-Electric Vehicles burn no gasoline Fully-electric Tesla Model S

  16. Reduce Carbon Dioxide • Stop burning fossil fuels to produce energy • Switch to wind, solar, hydro power Wind Turbine, Toronto’s Lakeshore

  17. Remove Carbon Dioxide • Planting trees helps capture and store carbon dioxide by photosynthesis

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