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Jacques Somda Regional Programme Officer “Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning”

Strengthening Planning and M&E skills for climate change adaptation in Africa: lessons from Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana and Burkina Faso. The Toolkit for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate change Adaptation Capacity : ToP-MECCA. Jacques Somda

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Jacques Somda Regional Programme Officer “Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning”

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  1. Strengthening Planning and M&E skills for climate change adaptation in Africa: lessons from Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana and Burkina Faso The Toolkit for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate change Adaptation Capacity : ToP-MECCA Jacques Somda Regional Programme Officer “Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning” International Union for Conservation of Nature Central and West Africa Regional Office Jacques.somda@iucn.org

  2. Table of content Background & Context of Planning and M&E of adaptation capacity The Toolkit for Planning-Monitoring & Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation (ToP-MECCA) Lessons learned from Tanzania, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Ghana Tanzania

  3. I. Background & Context • Climate change and development interrelated (see IPCC reports at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccrreports/ar4-wg2.htm) • Planning and implementing development projects and/or programmes needs to consider: • A Sustainable livelihood framework for adaptation to climate change • How projects/programmes will affect climate parameters (temperature, sea level, rainfall, etc.)? • How climate parameters changes will in turn affect the projects/programmes outcomes or achievements? • A Multi-scale framework for adaptation to climate change • How local level projects/programmes will affect national, regional and international decision making process and vice-versa? • A Result-based monitoring and evaluation framework • How evidences should be designed, monitored and evaluated to feed back future projects/programmes?

  4. II. ToP-MECCA Cycle & tools content

  5. Tool 1. Vulnerability analysis and capacity to adapt to climate change (CVCA tools) • Objectives • Draw sketch map of livelihood resources available for the community members, as well as the climate hazards affecting these livelihood resources; • Identify the most influencing climate hazards on livelihood resources and the most vulnerable socioeconomic group • Analyse coping strategies and options available to community members • Some implementation tips • Form gender-based focus groups • Enable group discussion leading to a consensual mapping of resources and climate hazards • Enable group discussion to score the influence of each climate hazards on livelihood resources; • Facilitate group discussion to analyse coping strategies, and the options and the importance of resources for the implementation of strategies • Expected Outputs for tool 1 • Output 1.1: Resources and hazards map by community members • Output 1.2: Vulnerability matrix • Output 1.3: Adaptation strategies matrix • Output 1.4: Importance of resources to implement the adaption strategies

  6. Tool 2. Community-based Risk Screening and livelihood (CRiSTAL) • Objectives • Refine the vulnerability analysis of Tool 1; • Better understand the linkages between livelihood resources and climate related hazards • Some implementation tips • Use the CRiSTAL soft ware to enter the collected data from Tool 1 • Expected Outputs for tool 1 • Output 2.1: Climate report • Output 2.2: Livelihood context report • Output 2.3: Project screening report • Output 2.4: Project summary report

  7. Tool 3. Participatory Analysis of climate related hazards vulnerability factors (PAVF) • Objectives • Determine factors (exposure and sensitivity) contributing to community members vulnerability vis-à-vis climate hazards; • Establish a baseline of the vulnerability factors among the community’s members; • Analyse the current capacity/means available to the most sensitive community groups vis-à-vis climate hazards. • Some implementation tips • Examine each hazard and its impacts, and analyze community members’ levels of exposure and sensitivity, while listing explanatory factors. • Take a random sample of community members and ask the following questions: • Which factors make some groups or locations more affected or increase their contact with the hazard? • Which factors will make some groups or assets (livelihoods, houses, facilities), more affected by the hazard than others, despite an equal level of exposure? • Etc. • Expected Outputs for tool 1 • Output 3.1: Vulnerability factors matrix

  8. Tool 4. Vision – Action - Partnership (VAP) • Objectives • Gather elements on desired future conditions (visions) of each individual member of a community; • Obtain a consensual vision of the community as a whole; • Identify and articulate actions of different sectors and administrative levels that will contribute to the vision • Identify partnerships (Request and names of institutions needed by community) to contribute to the vision. • Some implementation tips • Retrieve the three major impacts of each of the climate hazards in Tool 1; • Classify these impacts into Human system and Environment system • Enable group discussion to identify the desired conditions for each impact based on the current situation; • Convey high level (district, regional, national levels) group discussion to validate the elements of desired conditions gathered at community level • Write and fine-tune the vision using the validated elements. • Expected Outputs for tool 4 • Output 4.1: Vision-Action-Partnership matrix

  9. Tool 5. Outcome challenges (OC) • Objectives • Identify partners that the project and/or programmes intends to influence and that will contribute to the agreed Vision from Tool 4; • Describe the intended behavioral changes that each partner will put in place to contribute to the community if the project and /or programme is successful • Some implementation tips • Review the identified vision by following the steps used to develop it (Tool 4). • Ask the following questions individually: “Ideally, in order to contribute to the vision, how will the boundary partner be behaving or acting differently? What new relationships will have been formed? How will existing ones change?” • Limit repetitions of behavioral changes and allow new one to be added. • Check for the logic between the vision and the outcomes challenges • Do the outcomes challenges or behavioral changes contribute to the vision? • If all these changes occur, will the project or program have made the contributions to the vision as it was expected to make? • Etc. • Expected Outputs from Tool 5 • Output 5.1: Boundary partners’ Outcomes challenges

  10. Tool 6. Progress markers (PM) • Objectives • Describe a graduated series of changes illustrating the gradual level of change each partners has to go through to contribute to the agreed Vision from Tool 4; • Capture the complexity of the expected changes needed to contribute to the vision • Some implementation tips • Retrieve the outcome challenge statement. Then ask each group of partners to answers to the following questions: • How can the project or program know that the boundary partner is moving towards the outcome? • What milestones will be reached as the boundary partners move towards their intended role in contributing to the Vision? • Classify the ideas into : (1) the minimum outcomes that the program can expect the boundary partner to achieve; (2) what they would like to see achieved if the partner got more involved, and (3) what they would love to see as results if the partner got totally involved. • Check the logic between the outcomes challenges and the graduated progress markers. If not logical, consider revision by boundary partners. • Etc. • Expected Outputs from Tool 6 • Output 6.1: Graduated progress markers table

  11. Tool 7. Results Chain (RC) • Objectives • Select from the Vision-Action-Partnership output, using a result chain approach, activities to carry out in order to strengthen adaptive capacities of community and its members; • Identify outputs (products/services) to be provided with partners in order to support the changes they intend to put in place if the project or programme is successful • Some implementation tips • Identify activities: Actions have been identified with the Vision–Actions–Partnerships tool, and they have to be coherently grouped into activities. • Define outputs: From the activities or groups of activities, identify the outputs (products or services) resulting from these activities. • Define outcomes: Define the change of state related to these change of behavior, activities or relationships with boundary partners. • Define impacts: Define the long-term effects that will be produced by the project or program and contribute to the vision. • Develop indicators: At each level of the results chain, answer the following : “How can we know that we have achieved our objectives?” • Expected Outputs from Tool 6 • Output 7.1: Adaptation result chain

  12. Tool 8. M&E information Matrix for identified actions (M&E) • Objectives • Provide a matrix including all information needed to implement an efficient monitoring and evaluation of the adaptation actions • Assess costs and challenges related to the implementation of the M&E system • Some implementation tips • Retrieve the information contained in the outcome challenge process (tool 5), progress markers (tool 6), and results chain (tool 7). • Construct an integrated VAP (tool 4) and results chain (tool 7) table in the first two columns (c1 and c2); • Add to these two columns (VAP and results chain) other columns as follows: (c3) indicators and milestones; (c4) methodologies to use for collecting monitoring and evaluation data; (c5) people in charge of data collection; (c6) data collection frequencies, and; (c7) people in charge of data analysis. • Expected output • Output 8.1: The adaptation M&E information matrix

  13. Tool 9. Operational M&E protocol (O M&E) • Objectives • Define how data on outputs, outcomes and impacts will be collected, analyzed and disseminated • Develop data collection and analysis tools • Set up a management information system • Some implementation tips • Retrieve the monitoring and evaluation information matrix. • Assemble the tools to be used for collecting and analyzing the baseline data and those for monitoring and evaluation • Expected output • Output 9.1: Adaptation M&E protocol • The monitoring and evaluation information table; • The types of data (monitoring parameters) to be collected for each indicator/milestone included in the information monitoring and evaluable matrix and their reference values if available; • Tools for baseline data collection and analysis, if the reference values are not available; • Tools for data collection and analysis, and information management and dissemination; • The identified training needs of those in charge of monitoring and evaluation.

  14. Tool 10. The Most Significant Changes (MSC) • Objectives • Collect testimonials about the most significant changes occurring in the community following the project or programme interventions • Record unplanned outcomes • Improve adaptation learning process across sectors and administrative scales • Some implementation tips • Discuss with partners to validate the areas of change that are to be monitored. • Identify in a participatory way a sample of partners that will elaborate stories that capture or express the most significant changes; • Train selected stories writers • Collect MSC stories • Select the most significant story (ies) per area • Etc. • Expected output • Output 10.1: Adaptation M&E protocol

  15. Tool 11. The Outcome Journal (OJ) • Objectives • Record movement of planned progress markers on behavioral changes of each partner • Document unplanned progress markers on behavioral changes of each partner. • Some implementation tips • Create an outcome journal for each boundary partner identified as a priority by the project or program. • Summarize the outcome challenge for each boundary partner and the progress markers identified using tools 5 and 6. • Etc. • Expected output • Output 11.1: Adaptation Outcome Journal

  16. III. Lessons from fielding ToP-MECCA in Tanzania, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Ghana • Increasing community and its partners participation in adaptation project or programme design and planning, M&E and Learning processes • Helping differentiate between pure development interventions and climate change adaptation actions within project or programme • Going beyond coping strategies to address adaptation issues using sustainable livelihood, multi-scale and result-based frameworks • Highlighting ecosystem-based adaptation actions from non-ecosystem-based one • Incorporating M&E at the early stage of adaptation project or programme design and planning • Linking local to national level, with potentially to international one

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