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Potential Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain to Hired Crop Workers in the U.S.

Potential Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain to Hired Crop Workers in the U.S. John R. Myers and Larry A. Layne National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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Potential Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain to Hired Crop Workers in the U.S.

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  1. Potential Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain to Hired Crop Workers in the U.S. John R. Myers and Larry A. Layne National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health The findings and conclusions in this Presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

  2. National survey of hired crop workers in the U.S. • U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Training Administration • Began in 1989 • Main focus: crop worker labor force stability, demographics, work histories, and economics National Agricultural Workers Survey

  3. 1999-2004 NIOSH occupational health supplemental modules • Injury: 1999, 2002-2004 • Musculoskeletal pain: 1999-2004 • Dermatitis: 1999-2003 • Health conditions: 1999-2004 • asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, heart disease, urinary tract infections National Agricultural Workers Survey

  4. Methods

  5. Retrospective, cross sectional study • Survey of the Continental U.S.--Excludes Hawaii and Alaska • Personal interview in worker’s primary language • Conducted in a location chosen by worker • Core questionnaire and supplemental modules • All hired crop workers eligible • Complex sampling weights Methods: NAWS

  6. Demographic information on hired crop workers: • General: Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Education, Language • Time of interview: Region, Migration pattern, US farm work experience, Health problems, Type of crop, Type of work, Socio-economic information Methods

  7. Musculoskeletal pain module: • Number of self-reported complaints of pain during the past year • Farm work-related events only Methods

  8. Modeling using SAS ProcSurveylogistic • Outcome = incidence of musculoskeletal complaints divided by weeks of farm work (adjusted range to be 0 - 1) • 34 statistically significant independent variables from univariate models (α=0.05) • Multivariate model of these 34 variables • Backwards elimination approach Methods

  9. Results

  10. Survey response: • Operator participation rate: 69% • Crop worker participation rate: 94% • Number of interviewed hired crop workers just over 20,000 Basic Survey Results

  11. Musculoskeletal pain complaints (MPC): • Weighted estimate = 4,021 complaints • Crude incidence = 43.3 MPC/100 FTEWB Musculoskeletal Pain, 1999-2004

  12. 23 independent variables were associated with the incidence of musculoskeletal pain (α=0.05) • 8 demographic, 5 employment , 10 socio-economic

  13. Demographic variables: • Age • Sex • Education • Marital status • Region • Years of farm work in U.S. • Health conditions • English speaking skills

  14. Demographic: Health conditions • Demographic: Sex

  15. Demographic: Education • Demographic: Education

  16. Employment variables: • Workers’ compensation coverage • Crop currently harvesting • Task currently doing • Employer provided tools/equipment • Employer provided clean drinking water

  17. Employment: Workers’ compensation • Employment: Current crop worked on

  18. Socio-economic variables: • Migrant type • Farm work income • Home ownership • US owned assets • Housing arrangements • Used unemployment insurance past year • Used U.S. healthcare past 2 years • Healthcare payment method • Number of Social services used • Below minimum wage

  19. Socio-economic: Used U.S. health care • Socio-economic: Healthcare payment method

  20. Socio-economic: Farm work income • Socio-economic: Migrant type

  21. Summary

  22. The average incidence of musculoskeletal pain complaints was even higher—43.3 complaints/100 FTEWB. • Twenty-three of 34 independent variables were significantly associated with incidence of musculoskeletal pain in multivariate model • Mixture of demographic, employment, and socio-economic variables. Summary

  23. Workers reporting responsible employment practices had lower odds of musculoskeletal complaints: • Told about workers’ compensation coverage • Provided fresh drinking water/cups • Provided tools and equipment Summary

  24. Some variables suggest young/new workers have higher odds of musculoskeletal pain: • <20 years old highest adjusted odds ratio • ≤ 1 year U.S. farm work • No previous farm work income Summary

  25. Other key potential risk factors: • Female worker • No reported education • Shuttle migrant • Reporting other health issues Summary

  26. Work with NIOSH Ag centers, employers, and farm worker groups to address factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal pain • Need to focus on female farm workers and new hired crop workers • Approaches need tailored to low income workers with little formal education Future Work

  27. Cross-sectional survey • Self-reported pain by farm workers • Small number of farm workers covered by the survey in some regions Limitations

  28. Questions?

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