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Pushing the Boundaries of IoT: Building and Testing Self-powered Batteryless Switch

Learn about the design, development, and evaluation of a batteryless, wireless, energy-harvesting switch for reliable transmission of data packets over short distances. Discover how this lightweight and cost-effective system can revolutionize IoT devices.

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Pushing the Boundaries of IoT: Building and Testing Self-powered Batteryless Switch

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  1. Pushing the Boundaries of IoT: Building and Testing Self-powered Batteryless Switch N. Kouvelas, A. Keshava, S. Narayana, R.V. Prasad Embedded and Networked Systems, EEMCS, TU Delft, the Netherlands

  2. Contemporary Battery-operated Systems • Bulky • Expensive • Need maintenance • Non-ecological 2

  3. Wireless BatterylessCommunication Systems • Energy harvesting • Renewables (e.g., heat, light, vibration) • Human Intervention (e.g., spinning shaking) • Low-Power Wide-Area Networks • Increasing number of IoT-devices • Mature ways of forecasting intermittent energy sources • Multiple applications (e.g., airplanes, buses, trains) 3

  4. Research Statement Design, build, and evaluate a batteryless, wireless, energy harvesting switch, that transmits dependably packets of different payloads over small distances 4

  5. System Design • Transducer converting mechanical energy into electric energy • Energy stored in a capacitor (power bank) • Powers an RF transmitter (2.4 GHz) • 10-euro cost, lightweight 5

  6. Energy Harvester • 2.7-3.9Nof applied power (actuation) • 120-210μJgeneratedat 2V • Max voltage generated for single actuation: 12.2V for 3.26ms 6 6

  7. Hardware Design • ECO-200* switch used as harvester • Bridge wave rectifier • DC-DC converter (3.3V output) • CC2652 RF System on Chip (SoC, 2.4GHz) 7 7 *EnOcean, https://www.enocean.com/en/enocean-modules/details/eco-200/

  8. Software Development • Header: • Preamble synchronizes transmission timing with the receiver • Sync word indicates data-beginning • Length presents the size of the payload • Checksum is a CRC validating data reception 8 8

  9. Evaluation Goal Reliably transmit more packets for longer distances with a single activation of the switch 9

  10. Transmission Power on Size of Packets • For transmission power of -10dBm, max of 27b were transmitted (16b data) • As transmission power increases, RF consumption increases • 19b transmitted at 5dBm (8b data) 10

  11. Data Rate on transmitted bytes • Data rates up to 200kbps allow more bytes transmitted • Data rates above 200kbps require higher operating power from the RF • Prime data-rate at which maximum number of bytes can be transmitted for a fixed design 11

  12. Reliability • 27b were transmitted 25 times at 200kbps and -10dBm • 100% reliability for up to 5m transmissions • At least 80% reliability for up to 10m transmissions 12

  13. Communication Distance • Increasing the transmission power increases the achievable distance of transmission • Achieved transmission up to 60m range at 5dBm 13

  14. Conclusions • Provided the complete design of a batteryless portable and lightweight system able to transmit data frames of variable sizes wirelessly • Achieved wireless transmission of 27b frames with 100% reliability • Performed extensive evaluations of our system, considering the critical factors for its functionality • Demonstrated communication distance of 60m 14

  15. Future Work • Evaluate the performance of our system when employing multiple transmitters and a single receiver 15

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