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Understanding Communicable Diseases and Safer Sex Practices

Learn about the ways diseases spread, body's defense system, and the importance of safer sex practices in preventing STIs. Understand STD/STI dangers and HIV/AIDS transmission. Discover HIV/AIDS symptoms, testing, and treatments.

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Understanding Communicable Diseases and Safer Sex Practices

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  1. May 10, 2018 • Do Now: What are the ways that diseases can spread? Explain • Obj: LWDAT the ways that diseases can spread and the body’s defense system

  2. Read and take notes on: • Chapter 18 • Lessons 1, 2 & 4

  3. May 11, 2018 • Do Now: Why do some young adults have sexual intercourse before they are ready? What are the dangers of sexual intercourse? • Obj: LWDAT understand the dangers of STIs and communicable diseases.

  4. Communicable Diseases and Safer Sex

  5. Disease • Disease: illness that affects the body or mind • Communicable: illness that can be transmitted from one person to another • Non-communicable: disease that are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with or by hazards in the environment

  6. Communicable • Caused by a germ entering the body & results in an infection • Bacteria, virus, fungi or protozoa (small animal-like organisms) • Spread of: • Close contact w/ a person who has the germ • Direct contact w/ a person who has the germ • Contact w/ animals • Other contact (sexual)

  7. Defense: Immune System • White Blood Cells: Destroy infections • Lymphatic System: • T-cells: attack germs directly and stimulate B-cells to work • B-cells: produce substances that fight germs (antibodies) • Vaccine: dead or weaken germ that is injected in the body to make antibodies

  8. Safer Sex • The only safe sex is NO sex: abstinence • Safer Sex: practices that reduce the risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) • Safer sex reduces but does NOT eliminate the risk STI

  9. Safer Sex Practices • Condoms: using condoms is the MOST effective way of preventing HIV and other STIs • Condoms made from animal tissue are not recommended because viruses can pass through pores • Birth Control • Pill & patch: hormones that regulate the female menstrual cycle • Diaphragm: keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the cervix • IUD: piece of plastic placed inside uterus to prevent pregnancy • Emergency contraception: “morning after pill”: prevents pregnancy after unprotected sex

  10. May 18, 2018 • Do Now: What are some safer sex techniques/practices that you know of. Explain. • Obj: LWDAT understand the dangers of STIs and communicable diseases.

  11. STD/STI • STD: Sexually transmitted disease • STI: Sexually transmitted infection • STD/STI: can cause sterility, blindness, deafness, insanity and even death • Symptoms can come and go • Can be treated/ some can be cured • STDs/STIs can reoccur • Mostly only spread through sexual contact

  12. HIV/AIDS • STD/STI: • There are more than 25 different STIs according to the CDC • 19 million new cases of STIs each year (USA) • ½ occur among young people ages 15–24 • A.I.D.S. • Disease that interferes w/ the body’s ability to fight infection • H.I.V • The virus that causes AIDS • No vaccine for HIV, no cure for AIDS

  13. What HIV does to the body • Attacks the immune system • Symptoms: • Swollen lymph nodes • Tiredness • Fever • Diarrhea • Weight loss

  14. HIV/AIDS • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • You can be a carrier of HIV & NOT have AIDS • Have the virus in the blood & can pass it to others but have NO signs or symptoms • On average a person can have HIV for about 10 years before showing symptoms of the virus

  15. How It’s Spread • Sex • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Needle Use • Transfusion (rare now) • Mother to child • Born • Breast milk

  16. Testing for the Virus • Then: • Blood Test: test for the antibodies for HIV • 6months after the infection enters the body • Now: • Rapid HIV • testing allows clients to receive results the same day • HIV tests can use specimens collected by less invasive methods (e.g., oral fluid, urine, and finger-stick blood • HIV testing can also be conducted using commercially available home sample collection devices (not FDA approved)

  17. A.I.D.S • A low T-cell count is one important sign of AIDS (below 200) • With an impaired immune system a person w/ AIDS is susceptible to an opportunistic infection • Infection that otherwise rarely occurs • Kaposi sarcoma (form of cancer) • Pneunocystic pneumonia

  18. Treatment: • Treatment is for the opportunistic infections not for the virus • AZT: delays the onset of AIDS symptoms in some patients by slowing down the reproduction of the virus • 8 other HIV drugs now a days

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