Chapter 47

1. Chapter 47 Anatomy of the Reproductive System

2. Male reproductive system - macroscopy • Gonads • Testis • Exocrine – sperm production • Endocrine – testosterone production • Localized in the scrotum

3. Male reproductive system • Duct system • Epididymis • Posterior to the testis • First site of sperm maturation • Ducts deferens or vas deferens • Extends from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct • Ampulla – final enlargement of the duct deferens

4. Male reproductive system • Spermatic cord • Ducts deferens, blood vessels and nerves enclosed in connective tissue • Ejaculatory duct • Starts at the junction of the ampulla with the duct of the seminal vesicle

5. Ducts system

6. Male reproductive system • Urethra • Prostatic • Membranous • Spongy or penile

8. Male reproductive system • Accessory glands • Prostate • Round muscular organ • Encircles the urethra • Inferior to the bladder • Secretes prostatic fluid with seminalplasmin (antibiotic function) • Prostatic fluid is acidic and activates the sperm

9. Male reproductive system • Seminal vesicles • Lies posterior to the bladder • Produce seminal fluid • Seminal fluid is rich in fructose that nourishes the sperm • It also promotes the fertility of the sperm • Ends in a duct that empties into the ejaculatory duct

10. Male reproductive system • Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) • Located at the basis of the penis • Small and round in shape • Ends in a duct that opens in the urethra • Produces an alkaline secretion that washes the residual urine out of the urethra

11. Male reproductive system • Semen • Formed by sperm plus fluid from the accessory glands • Scrotum • Raphe • Scrotal septum and skin • Dartos - smooth muscle that wrinkles the scrotum

12. Male reproductive system • Superficial fascia • Cremaster muscle – skeletal muscles that elevates the testes • Tunica vaginalis – derived from peritoneum • Scrotal cavity • Tunica albuginea • Testes

13. Scrotum and Testes

15. Male reproductive system • Penis • Shaft • Glans – enlarged tip • Prepuce of foreskin – around the end of the glans • Corpora cavernosa • Paired cylinders of erectile tissue • Located on the anterior surface of the penis

16. Male reproductive system • Corpus spongiosum • Surrounds the penile urethra • Single cylinder of erectile tissue • At the tip of the penis it forms the glans

17. Male reproductive system - microscopy • Testes • Tunica albuginea • Testis capsule • Septa – divide the testes in lobes • Seminiferous tubules • Where sperm is formed • Rete testes

18. Male reproductive system - microscopy • Interstitial cells • Between the seminiferous tubules • Site of testosterone production • Epididymis • Pseudostratified epithelium • Stereocilia • Spermatozoa

19. Male reproductive system - microscopy • Penis • Corpora cavernosa with venous cavities • Tunica albuginea • Urethra with transitional epithelium • Corpus spongiosum

20. Female reproductive system gross anatomy • Gonads • Ovaries • Exocrine portion – produce the ova • Endocrine portion – produce estrogens ands progesterone

21. External genitalia

22. Female reproductive system gross anatomy • External genitalia • Mons pubis • Fat prominence over the pubis • Labia majora • Hair-covered skin folds • Labia minora • Hair-free folds

23. Female reproductive system gross anatomy • Vestible • Clitoris • Erectile tissue • Prepuce of the clitoris • Anterior location on the perineum • Urethral orifice • Medial location on the perineum

24. Female reproductive system gross anatomy • Vaginal orifice • Posterior location on the perineum • Hymen • Greater vestibular glands • Secrete fluid that lubricates the vagina during intercourse

25. Female reproductive system gross anatomy • Perineum • Diamond-shaped region from anterior end of the labial folds to the anus

26. Uterus, vagina, tubes

27. Uterus, vagina, tubes

28. Gross anatomy – internal organs • Vagina • From the vestibule to the uterus • Anterior fornix • Posterior fornix • Uterus • Pear-shaped • Localized between the bladder and the rectum

29. Gross anatomy – internal organs • Portions of the uterus • Cervix • Cervical canal • Internal and external os • Body • Fundus • Vesicouterine pouch • Rectouterine pouch

30. Gross anatomy – internal organs • Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes • From the uterus to the ovaries • Isthmus • Ampulla • Infundibulum • Fimbriae • Opens to the peritoneal cavity • Pelvic inflammatory disease

31. Ligaments

32. Gross anatomy – internal organs • Folds of the peritoneum • Broad ligament • Mesometrium • Secures the uterus to the lateral body wall • Mesosalpinx • Secures the uterine tubes • Mesovarium • Secures the ovaries

33. Gross anatomy – internal organs • Round ligaments • From the uterus to the labia majora • Uterosacral ligaments • From the uterus to the posterior body wall • Ovarian ligaments • From the uterus to the ovaries • Suspensory ligaments • Binds the ovaries to the lateral body wall

34. Female reproductive system microscopy • Uterine tubes • Serosa • Smooth muscle • Mucosa • Simple columnar epithelium • Lumen

35. Female reproductive system microscopy • Uterus • Layers of the uterus • Endometrium • Functional layer – thick mucosal lining • Menstruation or menses • Basal layer – deeper to the functional layer and responsible for forming it

36. Female reproductive system microscopy • Myometrium • Muscular layer • Perimetrium • Serosa

37. Female reproductive system-mammary glands • Present in both sexes • In female estrogens increase the breast size at puberty • Gross anatomy • Nipple • Opening of the lactiferous sinus • Areola • Lobes

38. Female reproductive system-mammary glands • Lobules • Alveoli • Milk production • Lactiferous ducts • Adipose tissue • Suspensory ligaments

39. Female reproductive system-mammary glands • Microscopy • Glands • Inactive alveoli • No lactating phase • Active alveoli • Lactating phase • Ducts

40. Cat Dissection • Female • Vagina • Uterus • Fallopian Tubes • Fimbriae • Ovaries

41. Cat Dissection • Male • Scrotum • Penis • Testis • Epidydimis • Vas deferens • Prostate gland