Suchint Simaraks 2010 suchint@kku.ac.th

1. Income generation and poverty reduction for development Training course Mekong Institute24 Feb, 2010 Suchint Simaraks 2010 suchint@kku.ac.th

2. This session will be mainly carried out in a workshop fashion Rich Natural resources Knowledge, brain Money Population Food Etc. Poor

4. -Poverty has been with us, since the dawn of civilizations -It illusive to understand and to measure -Because the poor in one society may be considered the rich in the other societies -The better-off; rich, politician, NGO,GO, international or local Organizations, business people are all getting richer because of the poor -It is very difficult to eradicate or mitigate but it is a challenge

6. โทรศัพท์ เครื่องยนต์ แผ่นเสียง หลอดไฟ คอนครีต รถไฟไฟฟ้า เชื้อโรค วัคซีน สถานีไฟฟ้า เครื่องปั่นไฟฟ้าไอน้ำ เครื่องพิมพ์ ชักโครก รถยนต์ ภาพยนตร์ เครื่องปรับอากาศ เครื่องบิน วิทยุ ทฤษฏีความสัมพันธ์ เครื่องจักรไอน้ำ ทอผ้า ปั่นด้าย ถ่านไฟฟ้า คอมพิวเตอร์ นิวเคลียร์ ทรานซิสเตอร์ ใยแก้ว ยาคุมกำเนิด รถไฟ กล้องถ่ายรูป มอเตอร์ โทรเลข ถุงยางอนามัย ตู้เย็น ยาสลบ เย็บผ้า เกี่ยวข้าว ไถเหล็ก ดาวเทียม ไปอวกาศ อินเตอร์เนท โคลนนิ่ง คอมส่วนตัว นาโนเทคโนโลยี ร้อยละของแรงงานเกษตร ปฏิวัติอุตสาหกรรม2 ปฏิวัติอุตสาหกรรม1 1960 ปฏิวัติเขียว 2243 2293 2343 2393 2443 2493 2543

7. View of World System (Social) บทบาทหน้าที่ โครงสร้างประเทศ องค์กร ความขัดแย้ง แรงกดดัน อำนาจ power ลูกน้อง ค่านิยมเทคโนโลยี conflict, pressure อำนาจ/อาณานิคม new colonialism การพึ่งพาทางเศรษฐกิจ value, technology power Economic dependency เจ้าใหญ่สุด Hegemony อำนาจ อำนาจ อำนาจ power ลำดับชั้น ประเทศแกน: Core Countries hierarchy ใกล้ขอบ: Sub-peripheral countries ประเทศขอบ: peripheral ลำดับชั้น ปฏิสัมพันธ์ suchint2006

9. Millennium goal(J.D. Sachs, Time 24 Mar, 08) World trends -The most dangerous trends is climate change, species extinction and destruction of ecosystems -Sustainable system of energy, land and resource uses that have to be conserved and protected

10. -Stabilization of the world population at 8 billion or below by 2050, (expected to be 9 billion) through a voluntary reduction of fertility rate -The end of extreme poverty by 2025, and improved economic security within the rich countries as well

11. A new approach to global problem solving based on cooperation among nations and dynamism and creativity of the non-government sector to

12. -Spreading of modern and sustainable • economic growth • -Reduces rich-poor gab in Asia and Europe • and USA • -Economic growth as a whole

13. -Control of bulging population and voracious • use of earth resources • -Stop ecology and human, resources and • climate decline

14. Poverty -10 million children die every year and violent Sustainable system of resource use -Reverse problem of climate change, biodiversity and ecology

15. Attitude -Market force, ideology of free trade and non-regulate policy is a trap -Market alone is not enough because it is based on common resources such as air, water, waste dumping ground

16. -Public awareness and engagement -End of consumer service

17. Timeline 1997/2540 Climate change Kyoto Protocol mandates 1999/2542 Human surge 6 billion, doubling in 50 years 2000/2543 New resolution UN millennium development goal 2002/2545 Health aid Global fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria 2003/2545 Going green UN green revolution in Africa(K. Annan) 2015/2558 Turning the Completion of the millennium goal corner 2025/2568 End of poverty Poorest get above 1 US$/day 2030/ 2573 Fuel economy New technology, hybrid vehicles 2040/2583 Zero emission Halting climate change, renewable energy or others 2050/2553 Stabilization Population at 8 billion, manage through sustainable development

18. Time,31 Mar.08

19. According to International Poverty Center, UNDP paper Sept. 2004. Growth (economics) alone is not enough to reduce poverty, yet most country use GDP as growth indicator Conventional growth and trickle down concept does not work for the poor Growth may create poverty GDP does not tell about distribution Pro-poor growth concept to reduce poverty must be put into consideration Pro-poor growth must include reduction of inequity It should benefit the poor proportionately more than the non-poor

20. Measurement Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate(PEGR) Pro-poor, PEGR is larger than actual growth rate when incomes of the poor grow more than the average income.

22. Poverty • Poverty is broad, multidimensional, variable, and subject to local norms or perspectives. • Poverty can be measured in terms of physical and psychological dimensions. • Estimated total of 1.2 billion people live in poverty as defined by the international poverty line of average daily consumption equivalent to US $1 per day per capita (World Bank, 2001).

23. Poverty • Poverty is broad, multidimensional, variable, and subject to local norms or perspectives. • Poverty can be measured in terms of physical and psychological dimensions. • Estimated total of 1.2 billion people live in poverty as defined by the international poverty line of average daily consumption equivalent to US $1 per day per capita (World Bank, 2001).

24. Poverty Measurement

25. Other measurement of poverty

26. Pro-poor development and income generation What happen to the poor people in conventional development process? Why do we have to go for pro-poor in development ? How can you really make them better off? What kind of data and knowledge do we need to formulate plan and assistant to help them?

27. To assist the poor why we have to help them generate incomes? Can there be other alternatives, besides money income, to assist them? What should be those alternatives? How can we assist them to generate income? Instead of working with the poor can we work with the rich to get the poor better off? How?

28. How can we help the poor to generate incomes?

29. Why the rich do not give back or revive the rural or earth sincerely and truly for gaining so much, directly or indirectly, from the rural or earth Can we help make a happy world as a whole? Well being is livelihood plus happiness but both well being and happiness are abstract

30. What have you gain now are mostly from your own tacit knowledge put together. I simply facilitate. Thanks

31. Good intention or hidden agenda?