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2.3 LIPIDS

2.3 LIPIDS. Lipids. C-H atoms linked by non-polar covalent bonds H:O ratio is greater than 2:1. Count H:O. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 C=CCH 2 C=C(CH 2 ) 7 COOH H = 28 O = 2. FATS. Composition: Large lipid molecule made of fatty acids and glycerol Hydrophobic – “water avoiding”

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2.3 LIPIDS

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  1. 2.3 LIPIDS

  2. Lipids • C-H atoms linked by non-polar covalent bonds • H:O ratio is greater than 2:1

  3. Count H:O • CH3(CH2)4C=CCH2C=C(CH2)7COOH • H = 28 • O = 2

  4. FATS • Composition: Large lipid molecule made of fatty acids and glycerol • Hydrophobic – “water avoiding” • Purpose: energy storage

  5. Fats • Fatty acid(s) attached to glycerol • Triglycerides are most common • Triglyceride Dehydration Sythesis Animation(HOW MANY WATERS FORMED?)

  6. Unsaturated Fats • Saturated Fats

  7. “Trans” Fats have been hydrogenated • Made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil--a process called hydrogenation. • Hydrogenation increases the shelf life and flavor stability of foods containing these fats.

  8. Trans Fatty AcidH |   -C=C-   |   H Saturated Fatty Acid H  H |  | -C -C- |  | H H Unsaturated Fatty Acid H H  l l -C =C- H on other side

  9. Trans Fat • can be found in vegetable shortenings • some margarines • Crackers • Cookies • snack foods • foods made with or fried in partially hydrogenated oils.

  10. AVOID • Trans fats should be avoided as much as possible in our diet. • When trans fats are exposed to heat and oxygen during the frying process, the results are the worse possible combination of unhealthy fatty acids. • (Worse than fats like butter or lard.)

  11. Phospholipids • STRUCTURE: Also contain phosphate and have 2 fatty acids instead of 3 • PURPOSE: Cell membranes (protect and regulate cell functions)

  12. Phospholipids • Main components of cell membranes Phospholipid placed in water forms a micelle (water heads toward water and oil ends inward)

  13. Micelle Has hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

  14. WAXES

  15. LIPIDS Progesterone-starts menstrual cycle • PURPOSE: Cell membranes and steroids (example: male and female hormones) Testosterone-secondary male sex characteristics

  16. Anabolic Steroids • Purpose as a prescription drug: Treat general anemia and diseases that destroy body muscle EX: treatment of weight loss in HIV-infected individuals. EX: treat delayed puberty EX: Their primary use is to promote weight gain and muscle development in farm animals.

  17. Barry BondsMade With THG - Animation • (TetraHydroGestrinone) is the steroid at the heart of the BALCO scandal in Major League Baseball. • Barry Bonds, Jason Giambi, and Gary Sheffield.

  18. Barry Bonds • When Bonds entered the league in 1986, he was a wiry phenom listed at 6-foot-1, 185 pounds. • In the 2001 season, he was 6-2 and pushing 230 -- a linebacker in a baseball uniform.

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