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Ecology Review

Ecology Review. Populations Resources Biodiversity Waste. 1. Exponential Growth. A. Remains constant B. Starts out slowly and remains slow C. Starts out slowly then becomes very rapid D. Starts rapidly and remains rapid. 2. Earth’s capital includes all of the following except:.

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Ecology Review

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  1. Ecology Review Populations Resources Biodiversity Waste

  2. 1. Exponential Growth • A. Remains constant • B. Starts out slowly and remains slow • C. Starts out slowly then becomes very rapid • D. Starts rapidly and remains rapid

  3. 2. Earth’s capital includes all of the following except: • A. Wildlife • B. Sunlight • C. Water • D. Soil

  4. 3. A sustainable society • A. lives off of income without depleting its earth capital • B. meets the needs of its people without jeopardizing the needs of future generations • C. Manages its economy and population size without exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment • D. all of these answers

  5. 4. Most of the environmental problems we face are • A. increasing linearly • B. decreasing linearly • C. increasing exponentially • D. decreasing exponentially

  6. 5. Approximately how long as the species Homo sapiens lived on Earth? • A. 4,000 • B. 12,000 • C. 60,000 • D. 100,000

  7. 6. Domestication of wild plants and animals occurred about ____ years ago. • A. 5,000 • B. 10,000 • C. 15,000 • D. 20,000

  8. 7. The industrial revolution began about ___ years ago. • 100 • 175 • 200 • 275

  9. 8. Which of the following characterize cultural revolutions? • A. Decreased food supplies • B. Increased resource consumption and pollution • C. Worsening living standards • D. Shorter life spans

  10. 9. Which of the following statements about developing countries is true? • A. They are highly industrialized. • B. They have high average GNPs per person • C. The US, Canada, Japan and western European countries are developing countries • D. They use about twelve percent of the world’s resources

  11. 10. About ___% of the world’s human population lives in the developing countries. • A. 49 • B. 59 • C. 69 • D. 79

  12. 11. More than ___% of the projected increase in world population is expected to take place in developing countries. • A. 65 • B. 75 • C. 85 • D. 95

  13. 12. Since 1960, the gap between rich and poor, as measured by GNP per capita, has • A. decreased, then increased since 1980 • B. increased, then substantially decreased since 1980 • C. increased, then substantially increased since 1980 • D. decreased, then substantially decreased since 1980

  14. 13.For something to be classified as a resource, it must • A. satisfy a human need • B. Be steadily renewed or replenished • C. be a form of matter • D. exist in abundance

  15. 14. All of the following are potentially renewable resources except • A. groundwater • B. trees in a rainforest • C. fertile soil • D. oil

  16. 15. Use of a natural resource based on a sustainable yield applies to • A. renewable resources • B. nonrenewable resources • C. perpetual resources • D. amenity resources

  17. 16. Which of the following best describes the concept of environmental degradation? • A. using solar power at a rapid rate • B. using oil • C. cutting trees for wood products • D. letting agricultural runoff cause oxygen depletion and fish kills downstream

  18. 17. Resources that are called nonrenewable • A. are also called perpetual resources • B. are only resources that are alive • C. are capable of economic depletion • D. are derived from solar capital

  19. 18. All nonrenewable resources can be • A. converted to nonmetallic minerals • B. converted to renewable ones • C. exhausted or depleted • D. recycled or reused

  20. 19. Which of the following statements best illustrates the tragedy of the commons? • A. A factory pollutes a river as much as the law allows. • B. Some levels of pollution are life threatening. • C. Some activities harm the environment, but others do not • D. Irrigated cropland can be ruined by salinization

  21. 20. On the outskirts of a municipality lies a forest on public property. A person applying the precautionary approach • A. Clear-cutting the forest to provide taxes for the town • B. Converting the natural woods to tree farms • C. harvesting trees at their estimated sustainable yield • D. Harvesting trees below their estimated sustainable yield

  22. 21. New efforts to prevent the tragedy of the commons include • A. using common-property resources at or above their sustainable yields • B. converting land from private to more public ownership • C. moving from a taxpayers pay approach to a users pay approach • D. deregulation of industries that use common-property resources

  23. 22. Which of the following is an example of recycling? • A. Collecting and remelting beer cans • B. cleaning and refilling soft drink bottles • C. selling used clothing at a garage sale • D. saving leftovers in a peanut butter jar

  24. 23. We can extend use of nonrenewable resources by • A. reducing direct consumption of the resource • B. reusing the same form of a particular resource many times • C. recycling a resource into new products • D. all of these answers

  25. 24. When a resource is economically depleted, we can • A. Recycle or reuse existing supplies • B. waste less • C. develop substitutes • D. all of these answers

  26. 25. Pollution includes • A. dumping detergents into streams, causing fish kills • B. Spraying with DDT, lowering the eagle population • C. releasing gases from coal combustion, causing acid rain • D. all of these answers

  27. 26. Effects of pollution might include • A. being unable to see the top of skyscrapers because of smog • B. acid rain-induced destruction of a statue in your city park • C. spread of disease from an open dump • D. all of these answers

  28. 27. Point sources of pollution include all of the following except • A. an automobile tailpipe • B. a factory smokestack • C. a drainpipe from a power plant • D. runoff from cropland

  29. 28. Nonpoint sources of pollution include all of the following except • A. pesticides dispersed by airplane and wind onto a crop • B. runoff from a stockyard • C. a smokestack from a power plant • D. Fertilizer runoff from lawns.

  30. 29. Which of the following is not important in determining the damage caused by a pollutant? • A. concentration • B. persistence • C. origin • D. chemical nature

  31. 30. Persistent pollutants include • A. grass clippings • B. most plastics • C. paper cups • D. food waste

  32. 31. Nondegradable pollutants include • A. tin cans • B. human sewage • C. lead • D. detergent

  33. 33. You generally buy and eat microwave dinners. After dinner, cardboard tops and plastic trays remain. The least effective way to deal with this solid waste is to • A. store leftovers in the plastic trays • B. put all of the solid waste in household trash to be taken to the landfill • C. donate the plastic trays to the local nursery schools to use with preschoolers • D. recycle the components

  34. 34. Pollution cleanup approaches • A. may be overwhelmed by continuing population growth • B. often transfer pollutants between different parts of the ecosystem • C. May be very costly once pollutants are dispersed in the environment • D. all of these answers

  35. 35. Pollution prevention receives about ____% of the US environmental pollution budget • A. 1 • B. 10 • C. 20 • D. 30

  36. 36. Of the following major environmental problems, the one with the least effect on food supply is • A. groundwater depletion • B. overgrazing • C. outdoor air pollutants • D. soil erosion

  37. 37. Underlying root causes of unsustainable resource use include all of the following except • A. poverty • B. overpopulation • C. overreliance on renewable energy resources • D. prices that do not include environmental and social costs of products

  38. 39. Exponentially growing depletion and degradation of earth capital cause • A. soil erosion • B. loss of biodiversity • C. deforestation • D. all of these answers

  39. 39. A very simple model of environmental degradation and pollution would include all of the following except • A. number of people • B. the climate in which the people live • C. average number of units of resources each person uses • D. amount of environmental degradation and pollution generated when each unit of resource is produced

  40. 40. Of the following behaviors, the one that runs counter to the way the Earth works is • A. Recycling of materials • B. Controlling population growth • C. producing and consuming anything people are willing to buy • D. making sacrifices now for future generations

  41. 41. Of the following actions, the only one that does the least to sustain the Earth is • A. protecting Earth’s biodiversity • B. controlling human population growth • C. utilizing renewable resources whenever possible • D. increasing our dependence on nonrenewable resources

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