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Unit 10 W.W.K’s. The students will know how precipitation and excessive pumping of water lead to changes in the hydrosphere. The student will know how ocean circulation is affected by salt, density of water, wind, and other factors .
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Unit 10W.W.K’s The students will know how precipitation and excessive pumping of water lead to changes in the hydrosphere. The student will know how ocean circulation is affected by salt, density of water, wind, and other factors. The students will know about the deep ocean and the life that lives down there. Students will know the different types of sediments of the ocean floor, what they consist of, and how they are created. • By: Neal, Adam, Kenan and Logan
The Hydrosphere • The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under and over the Earth. • Some elements of the water cycle are included in the hydrosphere, such as clouds.
Hazard in the Hydrosphere • Atmospheric pollution causes chemicals and pollutants to mix with precipitation. This process causes acid rain, or precipitation containing high contents of chemicals. • When this acid precipitation mixes with lakes or streams, the pH of that water changes, causing it to be acidic. When the water and soil cannot neutralize the acid, the acid rain releases aluminum from the soil. • Aluminum is highly toxic to most species of aquatic organisms.
Humans and the Hydrosphere • Waste and toxic runoff are the two most popular forms of water pollution from humans. • Many lakes, rivers and seas are being reduced because of improper, and sometimes unnecessary, damming of waterways. • Over pumping of groundwater can lower the boundary between saturated or unsaturated ground over a wide region.
What is Ocean circulation? It takes water an approximately 1000 years to go around the Earth once through the water cycle and Circulation Ocean circulation is the movement of water throughout the Ocean. Why it moves is due to currents that carry water long distances around the entire Earth.
What causes water to travel? Currents travel because of many different factors such as- The corriolis effect (the deflective force of the Earth’s rotation on all free moving objects) causes the water that is near the ocean floor to travel, as the push of the rotation causes the water to travel. Tides (variations of water levels in the Ocean) also help this by raising and lowering the water. This occurs because of the moons gravitational pull.
What causes water to travel? (Cont.) • Winds push the surface water to cause the surface currents, like the Gulf Stream current. • Thermohaline currents(deep ocean currents caused by the sun’s heat mixed with salt) make water denser and spread along the ocean floor.
Why is this important? • Because Ocean currents help control climate by spreading cooler water and warmer water to places where they wouldn’t originally be. It evens out the sun’s heat that would mostly be on the equator and spreads some of it to the Arctic and Antarctic.
Deep Ocean • Many areas in the vast oceans of our big planet have what we would call trenches, these trenches can lead to the darkest most deep black abyss anyone is likely ever to see. Much deeper than space if not physically then mentally seeing how there’s no star light in trenches. Not even the smallest smidgeon of sunlight. The deepest trench known is the Mariana trench in the pacific ocean. Abyss ‘Tis a vocab word. Don’t forget it.
DatLife • Most creatures that live in the deep oceans are vile evil looking monstrosities that would chill you to the core. So I will just name a few and show you a picture of my personal favorite the cranchiid or deep sea, colossal, giant squid. A few other fish are the angler fish which use their light to attract their prey and the Gulper eels which have huge heads and mouths to easily catch and eat their prey. Cranchiid. Remember it.
Terrigenous Sediment • Terrigenous sediment is sediment that is derived (transported) from land and deposited into the ocean’s abyssal plain. • This sediment is moved further in the water by strong currents mainly along the continental rise. • An example of this kind of sediment would be the shells and rocks along the shore of a beach.
Hydrogenous sediment • Hydrogenous sediment is precipitated straight from seawater., and the most common type of this sediment is a Manganese Nodule. • Both how & why the sediment forms is a mystery, but scientists believe it is contributed by the hydrothermal waters generated by the volcanoes below the sea.
Biogenous Sediment • Biogenous sediment is made up of the remains of dead organisms. This sediment is mainly the remains of sea creatures that died in the water. Their remains sink to the bottom of the ocean floor. • If the sediment is 30% or more organic material it is considered an “ooze”. An “ooze” is only found in water depths of less than 3000 meters.
Abyssal Plain • Another name for the ocean floor is the “abyssal plain” (which covers about 30 percent of the earth’s surface). • The abyssal plain consists of a layer of unconsolidated sediment that has sedimentary rock & pillow basalt placed beneath it.
Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6y18NaLO2gHydrosphere • http://youtu.be/w-8mw-1HYFgOcean Circulation Deep Ocean • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvh_DnwrDdM&list=UUZBcM2Zlx2nH8mDmjbrn6Tg&index=5 Sediment of The Ocean Floor
K.S.’s • What are the two most popular forms of water pollution from humans? • What are three ways that Ocean Circulation takes place? • What’s a cranchiid? • What is biogenous sediment when it is made up of 30% organic material?
