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Causes of European Exploration: Commercial vs Religious

This text explores the main drivers behind European exploration in the Americas, focusing on the commercial and religious motivations. It also discusses the impact of the Columbian Exchange and Spanish settlement. The text includes key figures such as Hernando Cortez and Pissarro, as well as the significance of silver in Spain's economy. The global economy, Portuguese exploration in Brazil, and the different labor systems employed by European powers are also discussed.

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Causes of European Exploration: Commercial vs Religious

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  1. Entrance ticket On the ‘index card’ answer the question using evidence and commentary • what caused European exploration the most? Commercial or religious?

  2. Columbian Exchange/ Spanish settlement of Americas pg_____

  3. Columbian Exchange • Exchange of Goods, Ideas, and Disease between Afroeurasia and Americas • Goods • Ideas • Disease

  4. Spanish Explorers Hernando Cortez (Aztec) • Marches on Tenochtitlan • Against Viceroy’s permission • Dona Marina/ Malinche • Disease worked in his favor Pissarro (Inca) • Takes over the Inca 1532 • Disease and Civil war help take over • Motivation: Silver and Mercury • Huancavelica “Mine of Death” • Potosi – silver mine

  5. Silver • Source of Spain’s wealthy • Monopoly in Americas • Did flood of new silver bullion cause inflation? • Not cause, but did exacerbate • 1560-1600 Spread to Europe • Plot twist, China really the one that controls silver • Spain and Japan supply the silver • China keeps all the silver though, b/c everyone wants their stuff and they demand silver for it

  6. Global economy? • How does the picture to the left prove the globalization of economy in the 1500-1600’s?

  7. Portuguese in Brazil • Accidentally find. Claim b/c Treaty of Tordesillas • Trade for Brazilwood(used for red dye) w/ native • 1520’s bring sugarcane

  8. Sort the terms into the t chart below in expo • gov’ts funded exploration & directly ruled • Included land and indigenous population into society • First labor was indigenous population • Religion: goal was conversion • Economic: agricultural • Charter companies with monopolies were given extensive powers to conduct trade, wage war, raise taxes, and administer justice • Hugged the coast to keep away from the indigenous population • First labor system was indentured servitude • Religion: goals of religious freedom • Economic: agricultural or trading post

  9. England and France in New World • About a century after Spain

  10. Authority in Colonies • India, Portugal, Brazil, Spanish Mesoamerica • Viceroys: Aregal official who runs a colony in the name of and as representative of the monarch • Audiencia: Board of 12-15 judges who dispense justice and council the viceroy • Charters: • In Meso and South America - King or viceroy gives conquistadors permission to settle, trade in areas of the Americas • Didn’t always follow the rules set by the monarchs • In North America: right to settle by the king. • Merchants, religious groups

  11. Forced Labor drafts in Mesoamerica Hacienda: Estate/ landholdings for Spanish. Made it impossible for natives to live traditional agricultural lives • Encomienda • European gets a certain amount of natives to work their land – local native leader decide who goes. In turn encomenderoswere supposed to teach them Christianity & Spanish • Highly abused – abandoned • Repartimiento (New Spain) & Mita (Peru): • The native communities assigned a labor duty & paid a modest wage which they could use to fulfill tribute obligations

  12. Homework • Keep up with chapter 14 outlines – due the 19th • Chapter 12 and 14 vocab cards due 20th • Vocab quiz 20th

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