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Wars of “Religion”

Wars of “Religion”. A New Dynasty in France. I. 1562 – 1598: a 3 way civil War A. Valois vs. Huguenots (Protestants) vs. the House of Guise (ultra-Catholics) B. 1589 – Henry of Navarre (leader of Huguenots) became Henry IV. 1.began the Bourbon dynasty 2. converted to Catholicism

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Wars of “Religion”

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  1. Wars of “Religion”

  2. A New Dynasty in France I. 1562 – 1598: a 3 way civil War • A. Valois vs. Huguenots (Protestants) vs. the House of Guise (ultra-Catholics) • B. 1589 – Henry of Navarre (leader of Huguenots) became Henry IV. • 1.began the Bourbon dynasty • 2. converted to Catholicism • 3. issued the Edict of Nantes

  3. Spain’s Golden Age (1550 – 1650) • I. Based on wealth from the Americas • II. Ruler: Philip II (1556-1598) • A. powerful • B. hardworking, but suspicious and indecisive • C. Defender of Roman Catholicism • 1. War against Ottoman Turks - successful • 2. Dutch Revolt – unsuccessful • 3. Invasion of England – unsuccessful

  4. Spain’s Golden Age (1550 – 1650) • III. Cultural highlight of Spain’s Golden Age • A. art • 1. El Greco -- saints and martyrs • 2. Velazquez – portraits of the royal family • B. Literature -- Cervantes: Don Quixote de la Mancha • 1. first modern European novel • 2. satire on chivalry

  5. Spain’s Golden Age (1550 – 1650) • IV. Spain’s glory was short lived • A. influx of gold and silver caused inflation • B. Spain lacked adequate manufacturing • - unfavorable balance of trade

  6. Dutch Independence • I. Why did the Dutch seek independence from Spain? • A. Cultural and religious difference • DutchSpain • Protestant Catholic • Town centered feudal • Capitalism manor system, guilds

  7. Dutch Independence • B. Spanish oppression • 1. to destroy Protestantism • 2. to raise money through high taxes

  8. Dutch Independence • II. Result of Revolt: 1581 -- independence for the northern provinces • led by William of Orange • established religious toleration

  9. Dutch Independence • III. Cultural result of Dutch prosperity • A. art • 1. common theme was groups, and common activities of life. • 2. Rembrandt • -emphasis on light and shadow • group portraits • 3. Vermeer • domestic, indoor settings • B. Amsterdam became the “new Florence”

  10. 30 YEARS WAR (1618 – 1648) • Causes • Tensions between Lutheran and Catholic German princes • Protestant (Calvinist) revolt in Bohemia against Catholic prince Ferdinand (later to be the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II)

  11. 30 YEARS WAR (1618 – 1648) II. Two phases of war • Hapsburg triumphs – Ferdinand allowed soldiers to plunder German villages • Hapsburg Defeats • Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden helped change the course of the war • France (Cardinal Richelieu) joined the war on the Protestant side

  12. 30 YEARS WAR (1618 – 1648) • III. Results • A. Population of Germany declined by 4 million • B. German economy ruined • C. Peace of Westphalia (1648) • 1. Spain and Austria weakened • 2. France strengthened; gained German territory • 3. German princes became fully independent of the Holy Roman Emperor • 4. Calvinism became an accepted faith in the German states • D. German unification would not occur for 200 years

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