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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. Bell work 4/5/12. What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom? What is the electric charge of each one?. What are the 3 major parts of an atom and the charge?. Proton - Positive Neutron – Neutral (no charge) Electron - Negative. Atoms.

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Atomic Structure

  2. Bell work 4/5/12 • What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom? • What is the electric charge of each one?

  3. What are the 3 major parts of an atom and the charge? • Proton - Positive • Neutron – Neutral (no charge) • Electron - Negative

  4. Atoms • Smallest piece of matter that still has the properties of the element. • Atoms are made of: • Protons – have an electric charge of 1+; found in the nucleus • Neutrons – do not have an electric charge; found in the nucleus • Electrons – have an electric charge of 1¯; surround the nucleus in electron clouds

  5. The Periodic Table of Elements • Atomic numberis given at the top of the box for each element. • The atomic number is how many protonsthe element has. • Atomic symbolis the letter(s) in the center of the box.

  6. Mass of Atoms • Atomic Mass– the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. • Nucleus- The dense center of an atom. • Electron Cloud- empty space around nucleus where electrons are.

  7. How do I know how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? • Find the element in the periodic table. • The elements are organized by increasing atomic number. • Find the mass, and round the number. Ex. 5.6= 6; 5.3=5 • Find the atomic number(=number of protons) • Subtract atomic number from atomic mass (number of neutrons will be the difference) • The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.

  8. Bell work 4/6/12 • Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom and the charges.

  9. Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom. http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/fuel.html

  10. Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom. See more diagrams at:http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/basechem.htm

  11. Draw a diagram showing the location of each part of the atom. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/atoms.jpg

  12. Draw a Diagram of an Atom

  13. Elements • Atoms with different numbers of protons are different elements. • They have different properties (characteristics) based on how many protons they have.

  14. Periodic Table • The elements are organized by increasing atomic number. • Vertical columns in the periodic table containing elements with similar properties are called groups. • Every element in a group have the same number of electrons in the outer energy level. • Horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing numbers of protons and electrons are called periods. • Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.

  15. Groups • Every element in a group have the same number of electrons in the outer energy level. • There are seven energy levels, each one has a maximum number of electrons: • 2 electrons • 8 electrons • Each row finish when the outer energy level is filled

  16. Periods • Horizontal rows of elements that contain increasing numbers of protons and electrons. • Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.

  17. Families • Families -less specific, groups of elements all over the table. • Examples of Families- Alkali Metals -far left column (Group I) with the exception of H. - Alkaline Earth Metals -the second most reactive family of elements in the periodic table (Group II).- Transition Metals-It all has to do with their shells/ orbitals. They have a lot of electrons and distribute them in different ways. - Halogen Gases-the second column from the right side of the periodic table- Inert Gases (Noble Gases)-located in the far right column of the table

  18. pH Scale • pH – the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution • pH scale - measures how acidic or basic a liquid is • The scale goes from values very close 0 .- 14. • Acids are found between a number very close to 0 and 7. • Bases are from 7 to 14

  19. pH Scale • Acid: A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. • Base: A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali. • Aqueous: A solution that is mainly water. • Strong Acid: An acid that has a very low pH (0-4). • Strong Base: A base that has a very high pH (10-14). • Weak Acid: A solution which usually have a pH close to 7 (3-6). • Weak Base: A solution that usually have a pH close to 7 (8-10). Neutral: A solution that has a pH of 7. It is neither acidic nor basic.

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