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Ajay Kumar Singh CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad - 826015

Technological Integration of UCG and CBM to Harness the Energy Resources: A Conceptual Thought. Ajay Kumar Singh CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad - 826015. COAL ASIA: 2012 New Delhi 28 February 2012. COAL RANK, GAS GENERATION AND ADSORPTION. THERMAL MATURITY (Ro%).

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Ajay Kumar Singh CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad - 826015

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  1. Technological Integration of UCG and CBM to Harness the Energy Resources: A Conceptual Thought Ajay Kumar SinghCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel ResearchDhanbad - 826015 COAL ASIA: 2012 New Delhi 28 February 2012

  2. COAL RANK, GAS GENERATION AND ADSORPTION THERMAL MATURITY (Ro%) GAS GENERATION & ADSORPTION COAL RANK (ASTM) BARMER, CAMBAY, MANNARGUADI LIGNITE BASINS GROUP C LIGNITE BIOGENIC & MIXED GAS 0.4% SUB BITUMINOUS A.B.C. RANIGANJ FM. OF RANIGANJ & JHARIA COALFIELDS BARAKAR FM. OF SATPURA, SOHAGPUR, WARDHA, GODAVARI, SONHAT COALFIELDS 0.5% HIGH VOLATILE C BITUMINOUS RANKS ADSORPTION CAPACITY 0.6% GROUP B HIGH VOLATILE B 0.8% HIGH VOLATILE A THERMAL GENERATION 1.1% BARAKAR FM.OF JHARIA, RANIGANJ, EAST BOKARO & KARANPURA COALFIELDS MEDIUM VOLATILE GROUP A 1.5% LOW VOLATILE 2.0% SEMI ANTHRACITE 2.6% ANTHRACITE 0 2000 6000 SCF / T META ANTHRACITE

  3. Microscopic view of the Micropores structure of coal Fracture system, cleats in coal Dual Porosity of Coal

  4. Transport of Gas

  5. Cover Roof 4.2m 2m Floor NOT TO SCALE

  6. CBM Industry The CBM industry is an outgrowth of the coal mining industry. Methane in coal has always been considered a safety hazard in u/g mining. With exploitation deeper coal seams, there came the need to degasify the coal seams ahead of mining. Attempts to degasify coal led to the development CBM.

  7. Gas Water Typical VCBM Well in Production

  8. Oxidisation Process What is UCG? UCG is the partial combustion of coal below ground to produce a combustible gas known as syn-gas for use as an energy source.  It is achieved by drilling two wells from the surface, one to supply air/oxygen; another well to produce syn-gas to the surface. Apart from syn-gas, by-products are hydrocarbon liquids, ammonia and water Air Raw Combustible UCG Gas Ground Level Water Table Overburden Coal Raw Gas Residue Clay Under burden

  9. UCG World wide

  10. UCG - TECHNOLOGY IN OPERATION FOR THE PAST 45 YEARS – near OC mine OPEN CAST LIGNITE MINE, ANGREN UCG operation near the mine site, Angren Uzbekistan: UCG is in progress on commercial scale, where the gas is being fed into a boiler of 100 MW power plant Russia : Skochinsky Institute of Mining, Moscow developed UCG technology for the erstwhile USSR countries

  11. GAS COMPOSITION (vol.%) CO2 - 20-22 CO - 4.0-6.0 O2 - 0.3-0.5 H2S - 0.5-0.6 H2 - 22.0-22.4 CH4 - 2.2-4.0 CmHn - 0.2-0.3 N2- 50.6-44.

  12. USA: Extensive UCG tests were undertaken in 1960’s to 80’s through the joint efforts of the industry, research institutes and the Government. The latest field experiment was conducted near Hanna, Wyoming in 1987-88, known as Rocky Mountain 1 (RM 1): • The test results were environmentally accepted • Hanna coals have similarity to the low rank Indian lignites • Interest in UCG is renewed due to high cost of crude oil & pilot plants have been planned with the assistance of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) CHINA: More than dozen operations particularly in abandoned mines. EUROPEAN UNION: UCG trials in deeper coals with the aim to utilize offshore coal seams. 18 Licenses issued

  13. Australia: Demonstration plant producing UCG gas since 1999 at Chinchilla, West of Brisbane • Longest burn outside Former Soviet Union • Operations conforming to Strict Australian Environmental Standards • Successfully demonstrated controlled shut-down and re-start of UCG • Project anticipates low cost of power generation • Planning for conversion of syn-gas to hydrocarbon liquids (CTL)

  14. Australian UCG Project, Chinchilla THE CHINCHILLA SITE IS OPERATING ALONGSIDE EXISTING RURAL POPULATION

  15. AUSTRALIA UCG PROJECT, CHINCHILLA SITE COST ESTIMATES UCG fuel costs for 47 MW 6B GT shall be (2002) • cost Capex US$ 10 million (including of Pilot Burn) • Operating cost US$ 0.5 million/ year • UCG costs less than US cent 50/ MMBtu Estimates for 67 MW CC power • Capex US$ 30 million • Operating cost $ 1.2 million per year • Cost of electricity US cent 1.5/ kWh Assumptions: USD 0.54 per AUS $ 1.0, Company I tax 30% Inflation 2% on rev. 3% on costs, Capex written off in 25 y Revenue from by products not attributed

  16. Current Commercial Operations • Angren in Uzbekistan Since 1945 supplying gas to a boiler of a Power plant • Chinchilla, west of Brisbane, Australia Since 1999. Preparing for CTL • Majuba, South Africa Since January 2007

  17. UCG efforts in India 1. MEHASANA, GUJARAT – in 1980`s • ONGC, CMPDI, National laboratories, Govt. of India and Coal India • Two R&D wells were drilled to collect preliminary data • Active aquifer (permeability – 1 Darcy) found in proximity of lignite at a depth of 1000 m • Project abandoned 2. Merta Road, Rajasthan – late 1980`s • CMPDI and Russian experts; Few boreholes drilled • Project abandoned as active aquifer in proximity to lignite 3. Bihar (Now Jharkhnad) – late 1980`s • CMPDI and Russian experts • Resource information collected; however project abandoned 4. Gas Authority of India, Rajasthan – since 1998 • MOU between Govt. of Rajasthan (GOR) and GAIL for UCG. 1691 Sq.KM area identified for UCG. • No action till 2008. GOR issued fresh notification, inviting private/state sector for UCG 5. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC) – since 2002 • Govt. of India provided grant of Rs. 10 Cr for undertaking UCG pilot • Area also allotted in Dist. Bikaner - Project not initiated due to lack of technical expertise

  18. Technologies for UCG Two different methods of UCG have been proved: Both are commercially available • The first, based on technology from the former Soviet Union, uses vertical wells and a method like reverse combustion to open up the internal pathways in the coal. The process has been tested (1999-2003) in Chinchilla, Australia using air as the injected oxidant. • The second, tested in European and American coal seams, creates dedicated inseam boreholes, using drilling and completion technology adapted from oil and gas production. It has a moveable injection point known as CRIP (controlled retraction injection point) and generally uses oxygen or enriched air for gasification.

  19. Why to blend the two technologies? • Both are related to Coal Measures • Generally both are operated below mineable depth (A policy constraint to go below ~600m depth for CBM and UCG in Indian context) • Vast reserve of coal below mineable depth • CBM- A Physical Separation UCG- A Chemical Transformation • To recover maximum out of otherwise irrecoverable coal • Both are environmentally safe • Aesthetic beauty of the landscapes is maintained • To reduce the capital investment and operational cost further

  20. Drilling Technologies Horizontal, multilateral wells Vertical wells

  21. CBM/UCG and Directional Drilling

  22. Managing Environment Integrated site characterisation Numerical modelling Produced Water Subsidence Field monitoring

  23. From Borehole to Numerical Model

  24. Corprate: Reliance, ESSAR, Abhijeet, GEECL etc. PSU: ONGC, GAIL, CIL, NTPC, BHEL etc. Blending CBM-UCG R & D: CIMFR, NGRI, ISM, IITs DOE, LLNL etc. Government : Planning Commission MoPNG, MoC

  25. Facilities at CIMFR: Gas Chromatograph

  26. EMERGING POSSIBILITIES OF UCG requires Characterisation of resource on chemical and petrographic parameters at exploration stage for Optimal utilisation of resource both at short and long term perspective

  27. General characters of Barakar coal General characters of Barakar coal • Moisture < 2% to 6% • Volatile - <18 to 35% • Carbon - 85 to 90% (on dmf basis) • Ash - 15 to 30% (excluding dirt bands) • Coking properties (eastern CFs of Damodar Valley basins) • Coke type - D to G6 or better

  28. General characters of Raniganj coal • High moisture • High Volatile • Coal seams thinner than those of Barakar • Best developed in Raniganj coalfield

  29. JHARIA COALFIELD Deeper level Salient features FORMATION Intrusives Raniganj Barren Measures Barakar Talchir Basement THICKNESS 725m 850m 1130m 225m -- COAL SEAMS No Thickness 22 (0.1m-4.7m) 46 (0.3m-33.0m) COAL RESOURCE 0-600m -- 14.2 bt 600m-1200m -- 5.2 bt 0 – 1200m – 19.4 bt

  30. Raniganj Coalfield: Cumulative coal thickness (42.27m) and development of thicker seams(9.77m)

  31. Deeper level EAST BOKARO COALFIELD Salient features THICKNESS 500m 600m 600m 500m 1000m 80m -- FORMATION Mahadeva Panchet Raniganj Barren Measures Barakar Talchir Basement COAL SEAMS No Thickness 7 (0.4m-3.0m) 26 (0.4m-63.9m) COAL RESOURCE 0-300m -- 3.2 bt 300m-600m -- 1.5 bt 600m-1200m -- 2.3 bt 0 – 1200m -- 7.0 bt

  32. FORMATION Mahadeva Panchet Raniganj Barren Measures Barakar Karharbari Talchir Basement THICKNESS 165m 225m 400m 385m 500m 200m 180m -- COAL SEAMS No Thickness thin bands 5 (0.5m-35.2m) 1 (0.5m-10.5m) Deeper level NORTH KARANPURA COALFIELD Salient features COAL RESOURCE 0-300m -- 10.3 bt 300m-600m -- 4.3 bt 0 – 1200m – 14.6 bt

  33. SOUTH KARANPURA COALFIELD Deeper level Salient features FORMATION Raniganj Barren Measures Barakar Talchir Basement THICKNESS 360m 385m 1050m 180m -- COAL SEAMS No Thickness 7 (0.8m-3.3m) 42 (0.5m-54.2m) COAL RESOURCE 0-300m -- 3.3 bt 300m-600m -- 1.8 bt 600m-1200m -- 0.9 bt 0 – 1200m – 6.0 bt

  34. Thank you for your Attention….. Ajay Kumar SinghCSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel ResearchDhanbad - 826015 ajay@cimfr@res.in ajay.cimfr@gmail.com

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