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Do Now – Section 2.3

Learn about carbon's bonding properties, organic compounds, macromolecules, and bonding processes of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Understand how monomers link to form polymers and the significance of carbon in living systems.

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Do Now – Section 2.3

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  1. Do Now – Section 2.3 • What element is considered the building block of life? • Carbon • How many electrons does carbon have available for bonding? • 4 • What type of bond does carbon form? • Covalent bonds PROJECT DUE NEXT TUESDAY! Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  2. Section 2.3Do Now: • List 2 types of nucleic acids? • DNA & RNA • What are the monomers of proteins? • Amino acids • Homework: Project due tomorrow! • Extra Credit on Saturday!

  3. Section 2.3 • True • False • True • False • Students should sketch one of the following, based on Figure 3.1 in the student text: straight chain, branched chain, or ring. • Provide energy 7. starches, sugar 8. Store energy 9. fat, oils 10. source of amino acids 11. beans, meat, nuts 12. map for making proteins 13. DNA, RNA 14. polymer

  4. Section 2.4 • reactants, products; reactants, products • chemical bonds • Reactants • Atoms • same rate • False • True • True • False • False chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorb amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start substances changed during a chemical reaction substances made by a chemical reaction state reached when reactants and products are made at the same rate amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms

  5. Carbon-Based Molecules Section 2.3 Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms. - Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  6. Carbon Compounds What does it mean to be organic? Organic compounds- compounds containing CARBON Carbon >contains 4 valence e- > can form 4 covalent bonds with itself or other elements

  7. Large carbon compounds (analogy= necklace) • Monomers are simple carbon molecules. Ex. Link in necklace • Polymers are molecules made of many monomers. (monomer + monomer = polymer) Ex. Whole necklace • Macromolecules are made of many polymers (polymer + polymer = macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace

  8. How do Monomers link to form Polymers??? …through condensation reactions (called dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)

  9. Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)

  10. Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction + Answer: + H20

  11. Do Now • What is the element found in all organic compounds? • Carbon • What is the process called that links two monomers together to form a polymer? • Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction • What is removed during the above process? • Water

  12. Organic Compounds • There are 4 main classes of organic compounds which are essential to the life processes of all living things. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  13. I. Carbohydrates • Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen) • Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like sugars • Main fuel provider and energy source of living things, used for structures in cells

  14. Polymer made of 3 or more monosaccharides Ex. 1. Glycogen(animal starch) Excess sugar (glycogen) is released from liver when your blood sugar runs low 2. Cellulose(in plants) Tough, flexible (found in cell wall)  gives plants rigidity & strength. Polysaccharides

  15. II. Proteins • Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes sulfur • Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds) • For building bones and muscles, as well as cell membranes and enzymes • Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans

  16. Proteins • Proteins are made of monomers of amino acids • Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids • Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids • Enzymes = polypeptides • Peptide Bonds links amino acids together

  17. III. Lipids • Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O • Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids • Used to store energy. Important part in biological membranes and waterproof covering • Ex. Fats, oils, waxes • Fatty acids • Complex Lipids • NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in water)

  18. Fatty acids – unbranched fatty acid chain makes up most lipids Saturated fatty acids have each C always bonded to four other atoms. Max # of Hydrogen atoms Unsaturated fatty acids have double/triple bonds between carbons. Fatty Acids

  19. Phospholipid Open your textbooks to page 45. Draw Figure 3.5 phospholipid. Label the head and the tail. • How would the polar head of a phospholipid respond to water molecules? • How would the nonpolar tails respond to water molecules?

  20. Composed of C, H, O, N and P Monomer = Nucleotide made of 3 components 1. phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen base Store important information for the cell Ex. DNA  cellular information RNA  stores/transfers information to make proteins IV. Nucleic Acids

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