Interactions among organisms

1. Interactions among organisms

2. The study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment is called _____.

3. Ecology

4. Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called __________.

5. Species

6. A group of the same species that occupy an area are called a ______

7. Population

8. The most biologically diverse biome is the • swamp. • grassland. • tundra. • tropical rain forest.

9. The most biologically diverse biome is the • swamp. • grassland. • tundra. • tropical rain forest.

10. Which of the following describes the location of the tundra biome? • East coast of the U.S. • Just north of the United States • North of Canada • Central America

11. Which of the following describes the location of the tundra biome? • East coast of the U.S. • Just north of the United States • North of Canada • Central America

12. Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn. a. coniferous c. deciduous b. permafrost d. abiotic

13. Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn. a. coniferous c. deciduous b. permafrost d. abiotic

14. A ____ is a tropical grassland with scattered clumps of trees. a. prairie c. pampas b. savanna d. steppe

15. A ____ is a tropical grassland with scattered clumps of trees. a. prairie c. pampas b. savanna d. steppe

16. Salt and fresh water mix in a. an estuary. c. a coral reef. b. the Sargasso Sea. d. the benthic zone.

17. Salt and fresh water mix in a. an estuary. c. a coral reef. b. the Sargasso Sea. d. the benthic zone.

18. Ecology and Types of Interactions Remember: Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

19. Ecology and Types of Interactions I. Ecologists have described three main ways that species and individuals affect each other.

20. A. Competition • When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource.

21. A. Competition • These two trees are competing for root space, sunlight, and water. • Competition is bad for both because if one doesn’t receive enough resources, it may die.

22. 1) Limited resource - scarce resources like water, food, space, even mates.

23. 2) Carrying Capacity the number of individuals that an environment can support; controlled by competition for limited resources and predator/prey interactions.

26. What has caused the population to level out? Carrying Capacity

27. B. Predator and Prey • The interaction of one individual eating another.

28. Prey 1. Prey- organism that is eaten. Prey adaptations include advantages that help prey hide themselves or escape predators.

29. Predator 2. Predator- organism that eats the prey. Predator adaptations include advantages over the prey that help predators catch their prey.

31. Prey Adaptations

32. i. Mimicry - the ability of some creatures to imitate others, either by sound or appearance for protective purposes

34. ii. Camouflage - Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.

35. iii. Warning ColorationBright colors and patterns that warn potential predators of the potential risk that would come from attacking or eating it.

36. Predator Prey Relationships

37. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • ----------------- consumer that eats plants.

39. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore consumer that eats plants. • ---------------- consumer that eats animals.

40. Carnivore

41. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • ---------------- consumer that eats both plants and animals.

42. Omnivore

43. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • Omnivore- consumer that eats both plants and animals. • ------------------ animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals.

44. Scavenger

45. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • Omnivore- consumer that eats both plants and animals. • Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals. • ____________ - organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

46. Decomposers- Organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

47. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories • Herbivore- consumer that eats plants. • Carnivore- consumer that eats animals. • Omnivore- consumer that eats both plants and animals. • Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals. • Decomposers- organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

48. C. Symbiosis • A long-term association between two or more species. • There are three types we will be discussing

49. Mutualism • A relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other. • Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel. • Bacteria found in human large intestines.

50. 2. Commensalism • A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. Remoras attach themselves to sharks and feed of the scraps of food that the shark leaves behind.