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Explore the evolution of aeronautics from early flight with the Wright Brothers to modern jet and future aircrafts. Understand the four forces of flight, Bernoulli’s Principle, control surfaces, Newton's Laws, and more. Engage with interactive activities like X-Glider to learn about flight variables and controls.
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Exploring Aeronautics Presented by Lisa Ogle Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
EARLY FLIGHT1903 Wright Brothers • December 17, 1903 - Kitty Hawk, NC • First controlled powered flight
Modern Flight • WWI - wood & fabric • WWII - metal • Jet Age - design • Bell X-1 - Chuck Yeager speed of sound (mach 1.06) Oct. 14, 1947 • Commercial - pressurized, nurses (1st flight attendants), & composites
Future Aircrafts Blended Wing Body X-43 Scram Jet Morphing plane
Four Forces of Flight Pushes airplane away from Earth Resistance that slows airplane motion Propels airplane forward Pulls airplane towards Earth
Bernoulli’s Principle • States that faster moving air causes air pressure to be lowered • Paper investigation
Control Surfaces • Elevators - Pitch • Rudder - Yaw • Ailerons - Roll
Controls of Flight • Pitch = plane turns on lateral axis (nose up & down) • Yaw = plane turns on vertical axis (nose moves Left or Right) • Roll = plane turns around longitudinal axis (one wing up & other wing down
Newton’s Laws of Motion • 1st Law: A body in motion remains in motion, a body at rest remains at rest until acted on by an outside force (Inertia) • 2nd Law: F = ma • Implies that if the force is the same, then the bigger the mass, the smaller the acceleration • 3rd Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Research Engineer • What variables can you change? • What are the controls? • How do Newton’s Laws affect flight?
Rotor Motor • What variables can you change? • What are the controls? • What is the number of rotations at various heights? How can you count them?
X-Glider Activity • What variables can you change? • What are the controls? • What happens when you change the wing type?