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Constitutional Struggles of the Seventeenth Century Absolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy

Constitutional Struggles of the Seventeenth Century Absolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy. History 103 The West and the World. FOCUS QUESTIONS. What was absolutism in theory, and how did its actual practice in France reflect or differ from the theory?

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Constitutional Struggles of the Seventeenth Century Absolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy

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  1. Constitutional Struggles of the Seventeenth Century Absolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy History 103The West and the World

  2. FOCUS QUESTIONS • What was absolutism in theory, and how did its actual practice in France reflect or differ from the theory? • What were the main issues in the struggle between kind and Parliament in seventeenth-century England, and how were they resolved? • What theories of government were proposed by Jacques Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, and how did their respective theories reflect concerns and problems of the seventeenth century?

  3. French Wars of Religion,1562-1598 • Catholic vs Huguenot • Major Families – Valois, Guise, Bourbon • Henry II (1547-1559) Valois Dynasty • Francis II (1559-1560) • Charles IX (1560-1574) • Henry III (1574-1589) • Henry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon Dynasty • Edict of Nantes, 1598

  4. Catherine de' Medici 1519-1589 Power Behind the Throne During The French Wars of Religion

  5. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, August 23, 1572 • Religious Violence • The Importance of the State in Catholic Revival

  6. Henry IV of France 1589-1610 As Duc of Navarre he was the Leader of the Huguenots. Established the Bourbon Dynasty in France

  7. Philip II 1556-1598 King of Spain and Ruler of the Netherlands and the Spanish Colonial Empire

  8. United Provinces, Spanish Netherlands

  9. William of Orange Leads Rebellion in 1568 Duke of Alba Enters Netherlands in 1567

  10. The Spanish Armanda, 1588

  11. The Thirty Years’ War

  12. Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 • Four Major Phases: • Bohemian Phase – 1618-1625 • Danish Phase – 1625-1629 • Swedish Phase – 1630-1635 • French Phase – 1636-1648

  13. Ferdinand II 1583-1637 Holy Roman Emperor 1619-1637 Trained by Jesuits and Strong Counter Reformation Advocate

  14. Defenestration at Prague, 1618

  15. Frederick V, Elector Palatine 1596-1632 “The Winter King”

  16. The Thirty Years’ War

  17. Danish Phase 1625-1629 Lutheran King Supports Protestant Cause Defeated in Battle of Lutter am Barenberge, 1626 Christian IV of Denmark 1577-1648

  18. Swedish Phase, 1630-1635 Defeats Tilly at Breitenfeld 1630 Destruction of Magdeburg 1631 Victory at Lutzen 1632 Killed in Battle at Lutzen Gustavus II Adolphus 1594-1632

  19. The Bourbon Dynasty Louis XIII Bourbon King of France 1601-1643 r. 1610-1643 Marie de Medici by Peter Paul Rubens 1573-1642

  20. French Phase, 1636-1648 Cardinal Richelieu 1585-1642 First Minister for Louis XIII 1624-1642

  21. Peace of Westphalia, 1648 • Peace of Exhaustion • Sets the Political Geography of Europe • Cujus regio, ejus religio becomes reality • Calvinism given Recognition • Balance of Power Principle • Dutch Independence is Recognized

  22. Louis XIV, the Sun King 1643-1715 Louis XIV in His Minority

  23. Palace at Versailles

  24. France Under Louis XIV

  25. Stuart Monarchy • James I (1603-1625) • Charles I (1625-1649) • Interregnum (1649-1660) Cromwell • Charles II (1660-1685) • James II (1685-1689) • William (1689-1702) & Mary (1689-1694) • Anne (17-2-1715)

  26. The English Civil War

  27. Execution of Charles I, 1649

  28. Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 Social Contract supporting Absolute Monarchy The Leviathan, 1651

  29. Two Treatises Concerning Government 1689 A Letter Concerning Toleration 1690 John Locke 1632-1704

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