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The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community

The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community. By Kathy Roler Durand Eastern New Mexico University and Linda Wheelbarger San Juan College. Middle San Juan Communities. Animas Community Fort Site, 50 to 100 rooms Gallegos Community Jaquez, 75 to 100 rooms Point Community

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The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community

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  1. The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community By Kathy Roler Durand Eastern New Mexico University and Linda Wheelbarger San Juan College

  2. Middle San Juan Communities • Animas Community • Fort Site, 50 to 100 rooms • Gallegos Community • Jaquez, 75 to 100 rooms • Point Community • Point Site • Stewart Community • Sterling Site

  3. Study Samples Tommy Site (AD 850 to 1150) Pueblo I/II 106 burials containing 118 individuals Mine Canyon Site (AD 1150 to 1300) Pueblo III 39 burials containing 44 individuals

  4. MSJROP Analyses • Paleodemography Fuhrman • Paleopathology (TS) Cline • Paleopathology (MC) Adams • Craniometrics Greene • DNA Snow, Durand, & Smith • Bone Chemistry DeBoer & Tykot • Faunal Remains Enright • Discussant Akins

  5. Gender Hierarchies (Neitzel 2000)

  6. Burials with Associated Ceramics

  7. Ceramic Grave Goods

  8. No Change Through Time • Stable Isotope Analysis: no changes in amount of maize or meat consumption • Cranial Morphology: very few differences in cranial measures over time

  9. Changes Through Time • DNA: shows two different populations represented • Paleodemography: life expectancy increases over time, fertility decreases; more females in early assemblage, more males in later assemblage • Paleopathology: activity indicators are similar in frequency for males and females early, females show more activity later

  10. Discrete Dental Traits Used • Shoveling of Upper Central Incisors • Upper Canine Distal Accessory Ridge • Cusp 5 of Upper First Molars • Carabelli’s Cusp of Upper First Molars • Protostylid of Lower First Molars • Cusp 6 of Lower First Molars • Cusp 7 of Lower First Molars

  11. Conclusions • Our results indicate it is extremely likely the sites were occupied by two different groups of people. The later Mine Canyon Site may have been established by immigrants from the north. • Discrete dental traits appear to better reflect the genetic relationships of the samples than do the craniometric data.

  12. Many Thanks to . . . • Tommy Bolack for permission to analyze the skeletons and funding MSJROP • San Juan College for logistical assistance • Stephen Durand for maps, photographs, and statistical assistance • David Batten for help in the field and constructive criticism • Nancy Akins for agreeing to be our discussant!

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