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Chapter 31: Arthropods

Chapter 31: Arthropods. Examples: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes. Most diverse phylum. Features of Arthropods. “Jointed” appendages Segmented body: head, thorax, abdomen, cephalothoraxes – fused head and thorax – (arachnids). Eyes of Arthropods.

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Chapter 31: Arthropods

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  1. Chapter 31: Arthropods Examples: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes

  2. Most diverse phylum

  3. Features of Arthropods • “Jointed” appendages • Segmented body: head, thorax, abdomen, • cephalothoraxes – fused head and thorax – (arachnids)

  4. Eyes of Arthropods • Compound eyes – eye with many units • Simple eyes – Single lens, see light and dark only, not image

  5. Exoskeleton • Made of chitin • Purpose: • Molting – shedding exoskeleton

  6. Respiration • Varies from group to group. • Examples: trachea with spiracles • Gills (aquatic) • Book lungs (arachnids)

  7. Open Circulatory System

  8. Excretory System • Malpighian tubules – sort of like our kidneys. Structures that filter blood.

  9. I. Arachnids-unique characteristics • Examples: spiders, scorpions, ticks, daddy long legs • Eight legs • 2 body segments: cephalothorax, abdomen • Chelicerae – fangs • Breath by using book lungs or tracheal tubes

  10. Unique Feeding of Spiders • Spiders can bite • All have venom • Spin web for capture

  11. Brown Recluse

  12. Brown Recluse

  13. Wolf Spider

  14. Tarantula

  15. Camel spider

  16. Scorpions Poisonous Stinger, Nocturnal

  17. Household Dust mite

  18. II. Insects • Largest group on earth • 3 Body sections: • Head – mouthparts, antennae • Thorax- 3 pairs of legs • abdomen – spiracles- organs for breathing, open to tracheal tubes

  19. Insect life cycle • Metamorphosis – physical change • Two types – complete and incomplete • Complete – • 1. Larva • 2. Chrysalis- cocoon • 3. Pupa – inside cocoons • 4. Adult

  20. Pupa stage with chrysalis

  21. Adult stage

  22. Incomplete Metamorphosis • Less of a change • Egg • Nymph – a smaller version of the adult with no wings • Adult

  23. Success of Insects • Found everywhere • Short life span, adapt to change quickly • Flight – • Elaborate social systems

  24. Head Lice

  25. III. Crustaceans • Examples: crayfish, lobsters, pill bugs, crabs, barnacles • Use gills

  26. IV: Millipedes and centipedes • 2 pair of legs per segment • Herbivores • 1 Pair of legs per segment • Painful bite

  27. Ch. 32 Echinoderms

  28. Features of Echinoderms • Spiny, marine invertebrates • Endoskeleton – purpose is for protection, muscle attachment • Ossicles with spines • Begin as bilateral, free-swimming larvae

  29. Features of Echinoderms • Radial symmetry as an adult

  30. Water Vascular System • System of canals • Used for locomotion, feeding and gas exchange • Water flow through canals: • Madreporite • Ring canal • Radial canals • Tube feet – used for locomotion

  31. Ventral surface of sea star

  32. Additional Characteristics • Nervous system: ring of nerves, eyespots • Ability to regenerate • Diet – hetertrophs: corals, worms, mollusks • Some are herbivores

  33. Wrap up Echinoderms Seastars Brittle stars Sea urchins Feather Stars

  34. Group 1: Sea Stars

  35. Brittle Stars Highly flexible arms, no anus, also feet on detritus – bottom dweller, regeneration

  36. Feather Stars Not sessile, but like to be, sticky arms, nocturnal

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