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Truong Quang Hoc §¹i National University Hanoi

Global climate change, Biodiversity and sustainable development. CLIMATE CHANGE BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Truong Quang Hoc & Vo Thanh Son. Truong Quang Hoc §¹i National University Hanoi. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION.

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Truong Quang Hoc §¹i National University Hanoi

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  1. Global climate change, Biodiversity and sustainable development CLIMATE CHANGE BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Truong Quang Hoc & Vo Thanh Son Truong Quang Hoc§¹i National University Hanoi

  2. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION 1. Climate Change, Biodiversity – Overview at global level 2. Current status of Climate Change, Biodiversity in Vietnam - Climate Change, - Biodiversity - Interactive relationship among Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable development 3. Recommendations

  3. Strong impacts Low impacts Equal impacts Degradation of ozone layer Climate Change Biodiversity loss Soil degradation and desertification aquatic ecosystem forest ecosystem ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT GLOBAL/NATIONAL SCALES ECONOMY SOCIETY

  4. Strategies of some international conservation organizations towards Sustainable Development IUCN 2006 -20010 Theory PRESENT To BE Achieved Diagram of Sustainable Development at lowest level

  5. Composition of atmospheric components: year Human impacts - Energy - Industry - Transport - Agriculture - Forestry - Daily activities Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4 Nitrous Oxide NO2 Every day 60 million tones of CO2 are emitted to the atmosphere 1000 2000 Source: IPCC 2001

  6. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE EARTH HAS BEEN INCREASING FOR THE PAST 200 YEARS Temperature rose 0.6 0C compared with in the year of 1860 Source: IPCC 2001

  7. 6.0 1000 2100 CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE ON THE EARTH From the year of 1000 until 2100 Source: IPCC 2001

  8. Biodiversity and Conservation What do we think when compare these two figures

  9. CHANGED TREND IN PRECIPITATION PATTERNS Source: IPCC 2001

  10. Sea level rise: - 70-100 cm/100 year - Rise of 1 m by 2100

  11. TEN MILLIONS OF PEOPLE MUST MOVE AWAY WHEN Sea level rise IS HIGH What’s about sea level rise? Source: IPCC 2001 Source: R. Nicholls, Middlesex University in the U.K. Meteorological Office. 1997. Climate Change and Its Impacts: A Global Perspective.

  12. Storms More rains and heavier Increased flows of surface water Floods Droughts INCREASE OF NATURAL CALAMITY DECREASE IN WATER RESOURCES 1. Higher temperature, higher demand for water 2. Higher evaporation of surface water 3. Salt water intrusion

  13. CONSEQUENSES OF Climate Change • Climate change has been changing global environment and affecting every sector and field • It is forecasted that Vietnam is among countries worst hit by Climate Change.

  14. Biodiversity • Biodiversity, valuable natural resource, does exist only on our Earth, playing a huge role in nature and human being’s life. • However, due to many causes, biodiversity is being degraded seriously. • Ecosystems are disturbed and overexploited; forest areas, especially natural forest are shrunken at an alarming rate. • The number of species going to extinct is increasing.

  15. CONSEQUENSES OF Biodiversity loss • Inevitable consequences are decrease or loss of ecological functions of the ecosystems such as - water regulation, prevention of soil erosion, - disintegration of wastes, cleaning environment, - ensuring natural circulation of materials and energy, - mitigation of natural calamities or extreme consequences of climate. • And final consequence is recession of the economy due to loss of natural and environmental resources, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries like Vietnam.

  16. CURRENT STATUS IN VIETNAM • Climate Change • Biodiversity • Interactive relationship between Climate Change and Biodiversity

  17. PROJECTED INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE Source: Climate change in Asia (ADB, 1994)

  18. Table 2. Projected sea level rises (cm)

  19. Biodiversity • Rich in biodiversity • Ranked 16th among biodiversity-rich countries (6.7% VN/TG) Mang Tr­êng S¬n Canimuntiacus truongsonensis Sõng Bß Sõng Xo¾n Pseudonovibos spiralis Sao La Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Mang Lín Megamuntiacus vuquangensis

  20. 1943 43% 1995 28% 1909 72% Land with forest cover Other land Decrease in forest coverage

  21. Impacts of Biodiversity on Climate Change

  22. Table 4. basic scenarios on Green House Gases (GHGs) until 2020 (tones of CO2)

  23. SHARES OF GHG EMISSION BY DIFFERENT SECTORS

  24. Table 5. GHGs emission from forest ecosystem and agricultural activities

  25. impacts OF Climate Change ON Biodiversity Impacts of Climate change include: - sea level rise, - increase in average temperature, - Changes in biological and climate cycles - Changes in water resources – decrease in quantity and quality; - natural calamity (storms, floods, flash floods, drought, land slides) increases in terms of intensity and frequency, resulting in complicated impacts on various aspects of social life and biodiversity in particular.

  26. Table 6. Types of impacts of Climate change on different economic regions

  27. Sea level rise As for our country, rising sea level will: - inundate a large area of lowland/wetland ecosystems of the largest delta regions of the country - where are homeland of long-established communities of the wet rice cultivation civilization - areas with greatest potentials for agricultural production - natural habitats of many native species including – protected areas, bioreserves.

  28. Ecosystem Populations and habitats impacts OF Climate Change ON Biodiversity

  29. SHALLOW MARINE ECOSYSTEM AGRICULTURAL & FOREST ECOSYSTEM COASTAL ECOSYSTEM WETLAND ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS ECOSYSTEM

  30. Table 7. impacts of Climate change on Biodiversity

  31. Health is affected by •  increased mortality rate due to hotter weather or new diseases •  occurrence of new diseases –due to transmission vectors, diseases, which are not transmitted by vectors, malnutrition •  diseases due to pollution. impacts ON HEALTH Consequences: reduced meaning of life,  increased costs for insurance and health care,  reduced number of working days

  32. ON forest ON Agriculture ON Health IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

  33. GENERAL QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT ON BIODIVERSITY and impacts OF FACTORS Mean Species Abundance (MSA) • Species Richness Index, • Biodiversity Integrity Index • Living Planet Index and • Biodiversity Intactness Index • Mean Species Abundance - MSA is more suitable for assessment of implementation of CBD

  34. Key influencing factors on Biodiversity • i) Changes in land use purposes, • ii) Climate Change, • iii) Concentration of nitrogen from atmosphere, • iv) Forestry activities, • v) Infrastructure development and • vi) Fragmentation of Ecosystem, following the sequence: MSA = MSALUC+MSACC+MSAN+MSAI+MSF

  35. GLOBIO 3 Model • GLOBIO 3 assessment model (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2006) to evaluate implementation of Convention on Biodiversity at global and regional levels

  36. Conclusions • Climate change and Biodiversity loss are environmental problems that have long-term, great impact on development of each country. Therefore, it is recommended to study and propose mitigation and adaptation measures. Climate change, and conservation and development of biodiversity should be thoroughly understood at all levels and sectors.

  37. Conclusions • Vietnam has signed and committed to implement many International Conventions on Climate change and Biodiversity. It has been implementing these Conventions and achieved some certain results such as issuance and implementation of strategies, institutionalization, policies, etc. However, more attention is still required. Climate Change should also be incorporated into national strategies at macro level rather than only into natural resources and environmental sector.

  38. Conclusions As for integration of biodiversity into national and local biodiversity plans, - Special attentions should be paid to adaptation measures, which are suitable with respective scenarios of Climate change, first of all to protect and sustain gene sources in agro-forestry ecosystem, - Sustainable management and development watershed forest, - Suitable options to transform cropping structure patterns with suitable crop varieties and species (e.g. drought or heat-resistant), - Re-planning for protected areas in lowland or wetland, etc. - Afforestation and regeneration should be intensified to achieve multi-sided effectiveness, including reduction of GHG emission, natural calamities, protection and conservation of water and land resources.

  39. Conclusions • Environmental protection and sustainable development, especially with regard to Climate change and biodiversity conservation, integrated, inter-discipline, and community-based approaches should be understood thoroughly at all stages, e.g. making policies, preparing and implementing plans and both in terms of contents and structure. Solutions must be comprehensive and synchronic, from institutional structure, policies on planning, technologies, of which capacity building, awareness raising, and international cooperation should be considered and prioritized adequately.

  40. Thank you !

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