Seminar on Scholarly Communication and the UC Community

1. Seminar on Scholarly Communication and the UC Community University of California Office of Systemwide Library Planning Fall 2003

2. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

3. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Graphic accompanied Weiss, Rick. A Fight for Free Access To Medical Research: Online Plan Challenges Publishers' Dominance. Washington Post. Tuesday, August 5, 2003; Page A01

4. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Journals Source: Van Orsdel & Born, Library Journal, April 15, 2003

5. Stress and Unsustainability: commercial publishers’ contributions • PRICE per PAGE PRICE per CITATION • Field For-profit non-profit For-profit Non-profit • Ecology$1.19$0.19$0.73$0.05 • Economics$0.81$0.16$2.33$0.15 • Atmos. Sci.$0.95$0.15$0.88$0.07 • Mathematics$0.70$0.27$1.32$0.28 • Neuroscience$0.89$0.10$0.23$0.04 • Physics$0.63$0.19$0.38$0.05 • Note: 66% of the STM journal market is occupied by commercial companies STM Journal Prices Commercial vs. Non-commercial Source: Carl T. Bergstrom and Ted C. Bergstrom. The economics of scholarly journal publishing. September 2002 at http://octavia.zoology.washington.edu/publishing/intro.html

6. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Reed Elsevier Case Study Elsevier journals cost vs. use at UC 2002-03 Source: UC Systemwide Library Planning, September 2003

7. Elsevier average title price as percentage of industry-wide average title price* Agriculture 1,428% Chemistry & Physics 194% Engineering 435% Mathematics, Botany, Geology, General Science 287% Medicine 209% 254% All subjects 642% Elsevier is the dominant commercial publisher of STM journals. It has 23% of the market share and over a $1 billion in annual revenues. The next player is the American Chemical Society with 8% market share and $360 million in annual revenues * For 2002; calculated within disciplines; overall average based on 2003 Bowker Annual table entitled "U.S. Periodicals: Average Prices and Price Indexes"; Elsevier averages from list prices. Psychology Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Reed Elsevier Case Study

8. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Monographs Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

9. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Monographs

10. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Societies • Sample of Society Titles Now Published by Blackwell • Disciplines Avg. price increase N (titles) • ‘03-’04 • Humanities & Soc. Sci. 15.7% 30 • STM 19.4 30 • All 17.6 60 Source: UC Systemwide Library Planning, September 2003

11. Crisis in Scholarly Communications: Society Case Study - AAAS’s Science

12. Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 1. Personal and Departmental web pages

13. Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication • 2. Discipline based repositories • (e.g. arXiv - a Physics/Comp.Sci./Math working paper repository)

14. Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication • 3. Institutional repositories UC’s eScholarship Repository (as at October 2003) # of departments, ORU’s, MRU’s participating: 119 # of papers deposited to date: 2291 # of papers downloaded last week: 8139 # of downloads since 04/02 launch: 230,000 % of downloads from outside UC: 97 # of countries from which people link: 76 # of sites that link to the repository: 1608

15. Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication 4. Competitively priced journals Machine Learning Journal Publisher: Kluwer Price: $1050/year Number of defecting editorial board members in 2001: 40 Journal of Machine Learning Research Est. 2001, with help from SPARC Publisher: MIT Press Price: $195/year One of 16 alternative journals supported in part by SPARC – “motivated by service to the research community rather than by profit.” Source: SPARC web site and Ted Bergstrom’s Journal Pricing Page

16. Alternative Forms and Economic Sustainability

17. Alternative Forms of Scholarly Communication • 4. Open-access journals • ~100 journals • author publication charges • institutional memberships can replace author charges • author publication charges • 11 UC faculty on editorial board • 16 UC faculty represented in opening issues • 551 journals listed • 19 journals added this month • funded by the Open Society Institute – Budapest & SPARC

18. Potential for UC faculty action • As authors • Retain some rights in your publications • Place articles with high-quality alternatives to high-cost publications • As editors, reviewers, and authors: • Favor reasonably priced journals • As editors • Consider moving journals from publishers with unreasonable pricing practices • As library users • Support and encourage the library’s aggressive negotiating stance with uncompetitively priced publishers even where that stance potentially results in title cuts

19. Potential for UC faculty action • As participants in faculty promotions and rewards processes • Implement promotion criteria that emphasize quality without discouraging publication in fairly priced and open-access publications • As society members • Encourage societies’ adoption or maintenance of reasonable pricing mechanism • Encourage societies to lead in the search for sustainable publishing models

20. Potential for collective institutional action at UC • Leverage existing agencies able to support new modes of scholarly publishing (e.g. the Press, the libraries’ eScholarship program), supplementing them where appropriate • Take a lead in national bodies such as AAU in identifying & mobilizing effective coordinated national actions

21. UC Scholarly Communication Faculty Seminars • END