INTRODUCTION TO NRCS

1. Legal Metrology and it’s impact on the economyPresented by: J MarneweckSenior Manager Legal Metrology

2. INTRODUCTION TO NRCS The NRCS is responsible for legal metrology in South Africa…..

4. LEGAL METROLOGY FOUND A HOME TheNational Regulator for Compulsory Specifications was established on 1 September 2008 to: • Protect the health and safety of the public and environment • Ensure fair trade • Administer and maintain Compulsory Specifications/ Technical Regulations • Market surveillance NRCS Act ( Act 5 of 2008)

5. NRCS AS REGULATOR Areas of operation • Automotive • Chemical, Mechanical and Materials • Electrotechnical • Foods and Associated Industries • Legal Metrology • Construction

6. OVERVIEW OF NRCS Automotive Ensure that vehicle and vehicle components that fall within the domain of the NRCS Act and National Road Traffic Act comply with compulsory requirements

7. Chemicals, Mechanicals & Materials Ensure the compliance of the general industry sectors OVERVIEW OF NRCS

8. OVERVIEW OF NRCS Electrotechnical Enforces compulsory specifications spanning a wide spectrum of electrical and electronic products

9. OVERVIEW OF NRCS Food & Associated Industries Dedicated to the protection of health and safety of consumers by administering compulsory specifications for canned and frozen fishery products, canned meat and live abalone.

10. LEGAL METROLOGY IN SOUTH AFRICA Legal Metrology is a unit within the NRCS and is responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the Legal Metrology Act, 2014 (Act 9 of 2014) Primarily dealt with Trade Metrology before 2014 Now also responsible for Legal Metrology in areas of health, safety and the environment

11. EXAMLES OF METROLOGY IN TRADE TODAY • Sale of pre-packed goods – where goods are packed at premises other than the one where the purchase takes place e.g. • 1 kg Flour – packed by SASCO Mills sold by Pick & Pay • 450 ml Beer – Packed by SAB sold in bottle store • 2 l Milk – Packed by Clover sold in café • Sale of goods – where measuring instruments are used to measure the quantity in the presence of the purchaser e.g. • Meat - sold by a butcher by mass using a scale • Fuel – sold by a gas station by volume using a liquid fuel dispenser

12. Labeling requirements for prepackaged products (SANS 289) • Shall be in at least one official language • Shall be labelled before being offered for sale • Principal display shall bear the identity of the product • Name and a place of business need not be marked on packages that have been packaged on retail premises from which they are being sold • Net quantity shall be marked except on a surface clearly intended as the base in a SI unit of measurement Tested e-mark

13. Labeling requirements for prepackaged products (SANS 289) • Single character space shall be used to separate the number from the SI unit of measurement • Statement of net quantities shall be in letters and numerals in a minimum type size (height) related to net quantity or package dimensions • In the case of a stick on label printed by a measuring instrument the height shall be 2 mm or greater • Special requirements for prepackages that contain a free quantity • The quantity to be paid for, the free quantity and the total quantity shall be declared on the prepackage in the same measuring unit Tested e-mark

14. Labeling requirements for prepackaged products (SANS 289) • Certain goods shall only be prepackaged in specific prescribed sizes (quantities) • e.g. bread - prescribed quantity of 400 g and integral multiples of 100 g above 400 g thus 400 g, 500 g, 600 g, 700 g, 800 g, 900 g, 1 kg etc. are allowed • Certain goods are exempted from quantity indication • e.g. flour confectionary not exceeding 200g per item • Prepackages shall be filled in such a way that the purchaser might not be misled with respect to the quantity and the identity of the product it contains Tested e-mark

15. Accuracy requirements for prepackaged products (SANS 458) • Accuracy requirements for prepackages - SANS 458 • Metrological requirements • Suitability of measuring instruments • Products with special allowances for loss of quantity • Foodstuff on which drained mass requirements • Frozen and glazed products • Tolerable deficiencies • Standard temperatures for prepacked liquid products • Inspection procedures and reference tests

16. E-mark scheme for prepackaged products (SANS 1841) • ℮- mark scheme introduced to ensure the more effectual carrying out of the objects of Legal Metrology • Voluntary scheme, however • No person may apply this quantity mark unless the prepackage comply with requirements of SANS 1841 and • The person been issued a registration certificate allowing the application of the quantity mark by the Head of Legal Metrology • Applies to local manufacturers and importers Tested e-mark

17. WITHIN THE TI OF SOUTH AFRICA Policy, legislation and regulation Measurement traceability (scientific metrology incl. industrial) Documentary standards, requirements, methods of test Approval, Verification, Market surveillance, Sanctions Accreditation, peer assessment Assess, Calibrate, Evaluate, Examine, Verify, Inspect, Test Claims of conformity, verification, certification Parliament, Government Departments With input from Business, Labour, Consumer Groups Technical outcomes that society can trust, and use in decision making and other standards bodies including Other Government Regulators Government, inspections, certification and accreditation bodies and laboratories

18. AN EXAMPLE OF METROLOGY FOUND IN HISTORY Ancient Egypt 18

19. EXAMPLE OF LEGAL METROLOGY IN EGYPT • Standard unit of length • the Cubit • Primary standard • Cut in granite • kept by “Royal Cubit Master” • Measuring instruments • Requirements of wooden cubit sticks specified by decree • Type Approval • Evaluated against requirements • Verification • Initially verified and re-verified against primary standard on each full moon • Inspection & Sanction • Penalty for non-compliance death

20. EXAMPLE OF LEGAL METROLOGY IN EGYPT Formal recognition of the competence of conformity assessment service providers in fields of testing and calibration, certification bodies, inspection laboratories and others

21. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY Metrology developed in line with civilization Developed in response to needs of the state Enabled state to plan, organize, defend and tax Role of metrology – to make measurement information consistent, comparable and coherent

22. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY • Eric Hobsbawm, Britain’s most distinguished radical historian, noted: • “the most lasting and universal benefit of the French Revolution was the metric system………..for it is well known that such small changes usually require socio-political earthquakes to bring them about.”

23. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY • George Washington’s first address to Congress identified six priority areas • One being the establishment of a national weights and measures system • Law included a Act on collection of excises on goods imported into US • Main source of income until the introduction of income tax

24. DRIVER FOR CHANGE IN METROLOGY DOMAIN Globalization At it’s peak in early 1900’s Treaty of the Metre (1875) was a reflection of the need of metrology to support globalization Single, coherent system of measurements Between metrology authorities Turn of century states began to establish NMI’s Separated from LM bodies Bipolar structure of metrology

25. DRIVER FOR CHANGE IN METROLOGY DOMAIN • Expanding scope of metrology • Changes in agriculture, industry, transportation and technology • Movement of direct sales of products to multiplicity of transactions through production, wholesaling, processing and retail trade

26. DRIVER FOR CHANGE IN METROLOGY DOMAIN • Expanding scope of metrology • Quality measurements were introduced e.g. grain • Establishment of water, gas, electricity telephone utilities expanded the scope of trade measurements from the normal services where measurement was the basis for the fees charged • Regulatory measurements • Environment, health and safety

27. AREAS OF CONCERN • The biggest difficulty facing economies is the fact that regulatory measurements have never been properly incorporated into measurement systems • Reason: trade metrology systems are not adapted to regulatory metrology • In trade metrology the government acts as referee • In regulatory metrology the government is one of the parties • This situation is normally not covered by Weight and Measures legislation • However national systems have relied on W&M legislation to define the legal basis for measurements

28. AREAS OF CONCERN • Another difficulty is the very basic and ancient requirement that measurements shall be derived from national standards i.e. traceability • But to what extent do we have a traceability definition in our legislative system that meet requirements of modern society? • In many cases weights and measurement systems do have traceability requirements but it does not cover regulatory measurements • In fact LM Regulators, do not have a legislative basis which is appropriate for this expanded scope of legal metrology

29. AREAS OF CONCERN • Economics – deregulation of industries • Change from integrated structure to one with separate components e.g. electricity/ x-rays • Increases the need for metrology • Globalization • Our ability to be a global role player will depend on: • the way we resolve local difficulties, • ensure integration into global measurement systems and • mutual trust

30. FUNCTIONS OF NRCS UNDER THE LEGAL METROLOGY ACT • Administration and maintain LM technical regulations • Enforce compliance with LM technical regulations • Type approval of measuring instruments • Verification of measuring instruments • Market surveillance through inspections • Ensure access to and maintain equipment required for type approval, verification and market surveillance • Ensure calibration services for verification standards • Control the repair of measuring instruments • Designation of verification laboratories • Administration of compliance schemes (e-mark) and control of use of distinctive marks • International/ regional Liaison

31. WHY “TYPE APPROVE” MEASURING INSTRUMENTS • Deciding if a type of measuring instrument complies with relevant requirements of the technical regulation and is suitable for use for its prescribed purpose in such a way that it is expected to provided reliable measurement results over a defined period of time • During the process the following aspects are evaluated: • Design and construction • Accuracy and repeatability • Influence of external factors e.g. environment, mains interference, electrostatic discharge, EMS • Endurance • Protection against fraudulent use or intentional manipulations • Compliant instruments are issued with a type approval certificate valid for all instruments of the same type and model • Compliant instruments marked with approval number

32. OVERVIEW

33. WHY VERIFY MEASURING INSTRUMENTS • Procedure of examination that ascertain that the measuring instrument complies with technical regulations and the issuing of a verification certificate and marking with a verification mark that confirms that the measuring instrument complies with technical regulations incl. initial and subsequent verification • Market surveillance activities on verified measuring instrument will determine if they: • are of an approved type and model • comply with requirements of technical regulations and • are accurate (within prescribed tolerances/ limits) • Provides peace of mind that measuring instruments used to measure a product or service at the time of sale or measurement are accurate

34. WHY MARKET SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES • To monitor and enforce compliance of provisions of the Act and technical regulation • Inspect and examine measuring instruments, product or service • Seize and retain or suspend the use of measuring instruments, products or service which does not conform • Order person to stop offering any measuring instruments or product for sale or service • Order person to withdraw a measuring instrument, product or service that does not comply • Protect consumers

35. LEGAL METROLOGY LIAISONS • Participate and represent SA at international and regional levels • Co-ordinate, interact and manage international, regional and bilateral interactions with other institutes responsible for LM • International OIML • Full OIML membership • Participate in OIML TC’s to develop international harmonised model technical regulations • Holds secretariat for OIML TC 6 (Prepackaged products) • Regional SADCMEL • Secretariat and Regional Co-ordinator • Participate in SADCMEL TC’s to develop regional harmonised model technical regulations • Chair TC 1 (Sale of goods) • AFRIMETS • Co-secretariat • Vice-Chair Legal Metrology

36. INTERNATIONAL LIAISON – OIML

37. REGIONAL LIAISON – AFRIMETS/ SADCMEL MAGMET NEWMET SOAMET EAMET CEMACMET SADCMEL/MET

38. IMPLICATIONS – Prepackages

39. IMPLICATIONS – Prepackages • 1 000 000 bottles per shift • 3 shifts a day • 3 000 000 bottles a day • 365 days a year • 1 095 000 000 bottles per year

40. IMPLICATIONS – Prepackages

41. IMPLICATIONS – SI units Correct calculation - 7 682 L × 0.803 = 6 169 kg fuel already on board 22 300 kg – 6 169 kg = 16,131 kg additional fuel required 16 131 kg ÷ 0.803 = 20 088 L additional fuel required Actual calculation performed - 7 682 L × 1.77 = 13 597 kg 22 300 kg – 13,597 kg = 8 703 kg 8 703 kg ÷ 1.77 = 4 917 L

42. ACTUAL IMPLICATIONS - Verification Incorrect radiation doses in cancer treatment can have a critical effect on our health.

43. ACTUAL IMPLICATIONS - Verification Incorrect radiation doses in cancer treatment can have a critical effect on our health.

44. ACTUAL IMPLICATIONS – Type Approval/ Verification Treatment of hypertension with inaccurate or unreliable measuring instrument

45. ACTUAL IMPLICATIONS – Type Approval/ Verification Treatment of hypertension with inaccurate or unreliable measuring instrument

46. OVERALL ECONOMIC BENEFITS • Protect life/ economy through accurate instruments/ or measurements. • Emphasis on “fit for intended purpose” measuring instruments and products that also ensures health, safety and protection of environment - government objectives. • Ensures foreign market access – more demands for reliable measurements on exporters. • Protect local/ regional market against non-compliant products and services.