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Chronic Diseases

Chronic Diseases. Cardiovascular Disease. Disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Two types – hypertension and atherosclerosis Behavioral factors – smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity, poor stress management Environmental factors – stressful workplace.

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Chronic Diseases

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  1. Chronic Diseases

  2. Cardiovascular Disease • Disease that affects the heart or blood vessels • Two types – hypertension and atherosclerosis • Behavioral factors – smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity, poor stress management • Environmental factors – stressful workplace

  3. Hypertension • High blood pressure. • It can damage blood vessels and heart over a long period of time. • It is called the “silent killer”. • It is most common in people over the age of 35. • Prevent it by eating healthy, exercising regularly, and managing your weight.

  4. Atherosclerosis • An accumulation of plaque on artery walls. • Typically caused by unhealthy food choices high in saturated fats and cholesterol. • As the plaque builds, it hardens on the walls of the arteries. • It can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

  5. Cancer • Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells • Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. They are not always associated with cancer. There are two types – benign and malignant.

  6. Skin Cancer • Also called melanoma. • Can be detected in physical exam and removed by a biopsy. • Behavioral factors – exposure to the sun or radiation, failure to use sunscreen/clothing/shade, use of tanning beds. • Environmental factors – depletion of ozone layer, lack of shade, time of day, occupation

  7. Lung Cancer • Can also be classified as carcinoma (aggressive). • Typically no immediate symptoms. • May have severe cough, wheezing, coughing up blood, and hoarseness. • It is detected in a chest x-ray. • Behavioral factors – smoking, general air pollution • Environmental factors – exposure to radon, asbestos

  8. Osteoporosis • Condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue. • Healthful behaviors during teen years can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. • Can be detected by a bone scan. • Behavioral factors – lack of physical activity, lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet. • Environmental factors – none identified

  9. Bronchitis • An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution. • Also causes bronchi to produce excess amounts of mucus, which block the airways causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. • Treatments include antibiotics and reducing the exposure. • Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of occupation • Environmental factors – general air pollution, asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke

  10. Emphysema • A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli. • Almost always caused by smoking. • Some symptoms include breathing difficulty and chronic cough. • Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of occupation • Environmental factors – general pollution, asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke

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