Watr-X: Evolution of Water Treatment Process

1. Watr-XNew Water Treatment ProcessWater to theeXclusion of other compounds Evolution of the development The thermal gasification process produces a dirty water stream which contains a wide variety of nasties which are worse than produced or frack water as some are soluble or suspensions like tea or coffee and do not respond to standard water treatment protocols. Special methods have been developed to neutralize these contaminants with the final step of the Watr-X treatment to remove the remaining organics, salts, that are not removed by the passive systems. This evolution allows for much simpler, compact, and lower cost water treatment process which can be 20-30% of a gasification facility. By accident one day one of Thermogenics’ technicians who had been aware of the need to clean up the water brought a used water treatment unit into my office and demonstrated dirty, coffee looking water in, clear water out, which was the start down the road of successfully dealing with this toxic residue. As they say, the rest is history, but even further is interesting.

2. HOW IS WATR-X DIFFERENT? • . WATR-X does not use any filtering media which includes a membrane to separate water from contaminants, and so, does not need pressure drop to operate, no element to foul and need replacement, or other currently used processes. • WATR-X does not use distillation, vapor formation or other high energy phase change processes to separate the water from the contaminants. These processes have salt deposition issues which results in scaling and have to be periodically cleaned or replaced. In the case of cleaning, even or membranes, chemicals are used which now becomes an additional waste disposal problem. • Typical systems such as reverse osmosis membrane systems require complex process controls for back washing, pressure drop control, chemical additions, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration element replacement, and distillation systems may require high pressure operation with high operator costs. The following charts indicate the WATR-X relative energy consumption in comparison to other standard systems.

3. CLEANING UP DIFFICULT ORGANICS Thermal gasification produces a complex, coffee appearing, aromatic liquid full of organics-creosols, carboxylates, and acids that can’t be dumped and require typically large settling basins for treatment. Using passive media with minimal pressure drop, this water can be cleaned to dischargeable levels. 1.input dirty water with light behind it showing opacity. 2.After first stage passive treatment with identical light behind. 3.Final water after third stage treatment before Watr-X treatment and disinfectant addition for potable water.

4. ENERGY USE OF STANDARD PROCESSES VS. Watr-X Source (except for Watr-X estimates);: Wikipedia

5. ENERGY COST TO ACRE FEET

6. REVERSE OSMOSIS COMPLEXITY Although reverse osmosis may have a low energy consumption, because of the design of reverse osmosis, there are many management issues which make it complicated to operate and maintain. Below is a description of these from a leading vendor From there, the water flows through a pre-filter to take out particles large enough to plug the internal fibers of the ultrafiltration (UF) filter, which is usually a type of strainer, though there are different types of designs. From there it gets fed to the UF system, which reduces suspended particles, bacteria, and viruses from going into the RO. It’s often cleaned several times a day with back pulsing and chemical cleaning (in some cases, chlorination) to keep the module sanitized. Every once in a while, a CIP with intense chemical cleaning is performed (once a month or once a quarter). The cleaning skid should be included with the UF/RO/NF membrane system, along with backwash pumps, cleaning pumps, air scour blower, etc. After UF, the permeate is collected in the holding tank. The purpose of the holding tank has two functions: it’s used to backwash the filter, and it’s also used for forward-flow to the RO unit. The RO has a cartridge filter housing, and it’s followed by the membrane array specifically designed for that application. A typical array is two by one, where the water goes through stage one, then the brine concentrate goes to a stage two. But there are all kinds of different arrays and they are all designed with computerized modeling tools, depending on the facility’s required flow rate.:

7. APPLICATIONS-JUST A FEW With the innumerable number of cases for usable water, there are many many types and forms of applications of this technology, and because of the properties of the technique, many are applicable which far exceeds the potential number of any of the existing techniques from both the technical and economic operations. Below are a few of the potential applications.

8. SEPTIC TANK REPLACEMENT SEWAGE SOLIDS REMOVAL Presscake, Solid residue WATER TO STERILIZATION AND RE-USE WATR-X UNIT DIRTY WATER SECONDARY SOLIDS, SALTS, BIOLOGICALS SOLIDS REMOVAL: FILTER PRESS, CONTINUOUS SCREW PRESS

9. PRODUCED/FRACK WATER LIGHT OILS TO REUSE CLEAN WATER WATR-X WATER SALTS, LIGHT SLUDGE SOLIDS/ SLUDGE TO DISPOSAL OR REUSE

10. ETHANOL DEHYDRATION THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ENERGY COST OF PRODUCTION OF BIO-ETHANOL IS THE STANDARD DISTILLATION PROCESS TO REMOVE WATER FROM ETHANOL AND THE WATR-X PROCESS MAY REDUCE THIS COST SIGNIFICANTLY. PARTIALLY DEHYDRATED ETHANOL TO FURTHER SEPARATION AS NEEDED WATR-X INFLUENT WATER

11. ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS *-WASHING MACHINES, DISHWASHERS WITH RECYCLED WATER *-MOBILE LATRINES, KITCHENS, SHOWERS FOR FORWARD MILITARY CAMPS *SMALL SCALE SOLAR POWERED WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES *-MINE WASTE TREATMENT -IMPROVED WET MINERAL EXTRACTION/CONCENTRATION *-CAR WASH WATER RECYCLE

12. REPLACING ION EXCHANGE OR ACTIVATED CHARCOAL Although these are simple devices, they have maintenance and operating issues that the WATR-Xprocess does not. As an example, if you are removing radionuclides from water using activated charcoal, the collection media is radioactive and needs to be dealth with, whereas the concentrated liquid residue from WATR-X process does not have the downtime and handling. Ion exchange has a long regeneration cycle with waste stream that has to be disposed of that by itself can use a significant amount of water and chemical rinse that add to the cost and complexity of a process. It is expected that the WATR-X process will be able to produce 10^18 Mohm water.

13. STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT The proof of principle has been demonstrated with an analog of seawater, a 4% NaCl solution in tapwater which was processed from an estimated 5 Siemens (published standard for seawater) to 3400 microsiemens as measured by a conductivity meter, a 99.997% reduction in salt content. This unit has a 3 gallon/hour capacity and is 4 ft.long, 3 ft. wide, and 5 ft. tall without compacting design which could shave 40-50% off of size. Planned works include various water streams with varying chemicals, analog or real produced water, long term operations to determine any improvable design issues, improving efficiency, further refine economics and increase size.

14. SEAWATER SALT REMOVAL

15. PROTOTYPE UNIT

16. GETTING INVOLVED • WATR-X HAS MANY GROUND FLOOR OPPORTUNITIES TO HELP MANKIND: • TEAM MEMBERSHIP, QUALITY TALENT, AMBITIOUS, ENERGETIC • INVESTMENT, SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL RETURN ON CAPITAL • PROJECT DEVELOPMENT-DO YOU KNOW APPLICATIONS THAT ARE NOT BEING WELL SERVED THAT THIS CAN SOLVE A PROBLEM?

17. ADDITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES *-ELECTROSTATIC GAS CLEANING: Patented gas/air cleaning using electrostatic fields with higher density for replacing scrubbers, bag houses and filters. *-NON FOULING HEAT EXCHANGERS: Many processes may have fouling of surfaces as a limit to their efficiency and require cleaning where this design doesn’t foul. *-ADVANCED POWER DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL ARCHITECTURER: Using 2-4 wires for power distribution and control is now possible with advances in solid state electronics and computerized controls. *-ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WASTE TO ENERGY: The father of these technologies, Thermogenics has shown the ability to convert wastes into clean energy without emission, ash, disposal water environmental concerns.

18. THANK YOU! WE HOPE TO BRING IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD WITH THESE TECHNOLOGIES AND SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC BENEFIT TO NEW MEXICO. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US TO GET UPDATED OR INVOLVED. LELAND T. TAYLOR 505-463-8422 LINVENT@AOL.COM WWW.THERMOGENICX.COM WWW.AGRONICSINC.COM WWW.WATR-X.COM