Understanding Chemistry Basics in Chapter 3

1. Chapter 3 Trashball

2. 1. • What description best matches: ionic bonds? • A. different number of these in ions • B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds • C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed. • D. a full outer electron level • E. occur between ions of opposite charges

3. E. occur between ions of opposite charges

4. 2. • What description best matches: Stable atom • A. different number of these in ions • B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds • C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed. • D. a full outer electron level • E. occur between ions of opposite charges

5. D. as full outer electron level

6. 3. • What description best matches: polar molecule? • A. different number of these in ions • B. a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds • C. partial electrical charge unevenly distributed. • D. a full outer electron level • E. occur between ions of opposite charges

7. C. electrical charge unevenly distributed.

8. 4. • Attraction between substances of the same kind is called • A. adhesion • B. cohesion • C. polarity • D. gravity

9. 5. • B. cohesion

10. Attraction between different substances is called • A. adhesion • B. cohesion • C. polarity • D. gravity

11. A. adhesion

12. 6. • Water stores heat much longer than other substances do, allowing organisms to • A. heat themselves through evaporation • B. maintain a stable internal temperature • C. dissolve nonpolar compounds • D. maintain surface tension

13. B. maintain a stable internal temperature

14. 7. • An excess of hydronium ions is? • A. an acid • B. a base • C. neutral • D. an ion

15. A. an acid

16. 8. • Bases • A. Drain cleaner is an example • B. form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water • C. have a pH above 7 • D. All of the above

17. D. All of the above

18. 9. • What is the description that best describes: neutral pH • A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed • B. prevent pH changes in a solution • C. dissolve best in water • D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

19. D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

20. 10. • What is the description that best describes: buffer • A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed • B. prevent pH changes in a solution • C. dissolve best in water • D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

21. B. prevent pH changes in a solution

22. 11. • What is the description that best describes: solution • A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed • B. prevent pH changes in a solution • C. dissolve best in water • D. equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution

23. A. a mixture in which all substances are evenly distributed

24. 12. • What is the description that best describes: lipids? • A. building block of proteins • B. repel water • C. a molecular chain of nucleotides • D. starch. Cellulose, monosaccharides • E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

25. B. repel water

26. 13. • What is the description that best describes: polysaccaharides? • A. building block of proteins • B. repel water • C. a molecular chain of nucleotides • D. carbohydrates: starch, cellulose, and glycogen • E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

27. D. Carbohydrates: starch, cellulose, and glycogen

28. 14. • What is the description that best describes: amino acids? • A. building block of proteins • B. repel water • C. a molecular chain of nucleotides • D. starch, cellulose, and glycogen • E. plays a key role in the manufacture of proteins

29. A. building block of proteins

30. 15. • DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides, which contain • A. a sugar, a base, and phosphate group • B. a sugar, an acid, and phosphate group • C. ATP, a base, and phosphate group • D. amino acids

31. A. a sugar, a base, and phosphate group

32. 16. • Which of the following is not a lipid? • A. wax • B. steroid hormone • C. ATP • D. fat

33. C. ATP

34. 17. • Which of the following carbohydrates provides energy for living things? • A. cellulose • B. chitin • C. fiber • D. starch

35. D. starch

36. 18. • Protein folding determines the • A. the primary structure of proteins • B. the secondary structure of proteins • C. the amino acid sequence • D. all of the above

37. B. the secondary structure

38. 19. • Each amino acids unique properties are due to its • A. side group • B. peptide bonds • C. amino group • D. carboxyl group

39. A. side group

40. 20. • What is the description that best describes: substrate • A. ability to move or change matter • B. substance that an enzyme acts on • C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction • D. newly formed substances • E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

41. B. substance that an enzyme acts on

42. 21. • What is the description that best describes: reactants • A. ability to move or change matter • B. substance that an enzyme acts on • C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction • D. newly formed substances • E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

43. E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

44. 22. • What is the description that best describes: activation energy • A. ability to move or change matter • B. substance that an enzyme acts on • C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction • D. newly formed substances • E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

45. C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction

46. 23. • What is the description that best describes: energy • A. ability to move or change matter • B. substance that an enzyme acts on • C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction • D. newly formed substances • E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

47. A. ability to move or change matter

48. 24. • What is the description that best describes: products • A. ability to move or change matter • B. substance that an enzyme acts on • C. minimum energy needed to start a reaction • D. newly formed substances • E. substances that are changed in a chemical reaction

49. D. newly formed substances

50. 25. • A reactant binds to an enzyme on the enzyme’s • A. substrate • B. surface • C. active site • D. lock and key