HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1200(g))

2. HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)) The standard that gave workers the right to know, now gives them the right to understand.

3. Hazard Communication Overview Many chemicals are used in the precast manufacturing process that have hazards, including chemical burns from corrosives, fire hazards from flammables, and pressure hazards from compressed gases. Chemicals must be used, stored, and disposed of properly to prevent accidents or environmental releases. General Chemical Safety Requirements: Always wear proper PPE. Inspect PPE to ensure there are no holes, rips, or tears. Do not eat or smoke in production areas. Know where emergency eyewash and shower stations are located and ensure there is a clear pathway to nearest station. Understand the chemical(s) you’re working with by reading the applicable Safety Data Sheet(s) Never mix strong acids and bases.

4. Hazard Communication Overview Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical handling PPE typically includes: safety goggles, face shield, chemical apron, chemical gloves and rubber or waterproof boots/shoes.Follow requirements from the SDS of the specific chemical you’re handling for any specifics not covered. Chemical Storage: Store hazardous chemicals on or in secondary containment, such as containment pallets or storage cabinets. Do NOT store incompatible chemicals together. Ensure that chemicals are stored and used in containers that are compatible with the hazards of the chemicals. This information can be found on the SDS sheet.

5. Hazard Communication Standard In order to ensure chemical safety in the workplace, information about the identities and hazards of the chemicals must be available and understandable to workers. OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires the development and dissemination of such information: Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to evaluate the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import, and prepare labels and safety data sheets to convey the hazard information to their downstream customers; All employers with hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must have labels and safety data sheets for their exposed workers, and train them to handle the chemicals appropriately.

6. Hazard Communication Standard Major changes to the Hazard Communication Standard Hazard classification: Provides specific criteria for classification of health and physical hazards, as well as classification of mixtures. Labels: Chemical manufacturers and importers will be required to provide a label that includes a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each hazard class and category. Precautionary statements must also be provided. Safety Data Sheets: Have a specified 16-section format. Information and training: Employers are required to train workers on the label elements and safety data sheets format to facilitate recognition and understanding.

7. Hazard Classification: The definitions of hazard have been changed to provide specific criteria for classification of health and physical hazards. These specific criteria will help to ensure that evaluations of hazardous effects are consistent across manufacturers, and that labels and safety data sheets are more accurate as a result. What is classification? Classification is the starting point for hazard communication. Each physical or health hazard is a “hazard class” (e.g. Carcinogenicity is a hazard class.) A “hazard class” may be sub-divided in the criteria, into several “hazard categories” based on the degree of severity of the hazard. Placing a chemical into a “hazard class”, and where necessary , a “hazard category”, is the concept of classification-determining not only the hazard, but also the severity of the effect.

8. Hazard Classification: The term “hazard classification” is used to indicate that only the intrinsic hazardous properties of substances and mixtures are considered and involves the following 3 steps: 1. Identification of relevant data regarding the hazards of a substance or mixture; 2. Subsequent review of those data to ascertain the hazards associated with the substance or mixture; and 3. A decision on whether the substance or mixture will be classified as a hazardous substance or mixture and the degree of hazard, where appropriate, by comparison of the data withagreed hazard classification criteria.

9. Labels: There are 6 key elements & they are Product Identifier, Manufacturers Information, Signal Words, Pictograms, Hazard Statements, & Precautionary Statements. Product Identifier - how the hazardous chemical is identified. This can be (but is not limited to) the chemical name, code number or batch number. The manufacturer, importer or distributor can decide the appropriate product identifier. The same product identifier must be both on the label and in Section 1 of the SDS (Identification). Manufacturers Information - Name, address and phone number of the chemical manufacturer, distributor, or importer & emergency phone number

10. Labels (continued): Signal Words – are the phrases used to immediately identify the hazard level associated with the use of the chemical. There is only one signal word per SDS or label, determined by the highest potential hazard level, and it always appears near the very top of the page - in many ways it is the first line of defense against accidents and health hazards. In addition, the signal word is written in all upper-case letters. The two signal words are: DANGER & WARNING DANGER - is to be used for more hazardous chemicals WARNING - is to be used for less hazardous chemicals. The Signal Word is determined by the GHS hazard category and class that the chemical or mixture falls under.

11. Labels (continued): First Aid – It is important to remember that in the case of an emergency, possible life saving first aid information can be quickly located on the products hazard label.

12. Labels (continued): Hazard Pictograms - Safety Data Sheets and HCS labels use standardized pictograms to provide visual warnings about hazards related to use or spillage. The standard HCS pictogram always comes printed in black on a white background, framed by a red outline that is set on a point (for example, a red diamond). Multiple Pictograms may be used on a single label or Safety Data Sheet

13. Labels (continued): Hazard Statement – describes the nature of the hazard of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard. It may describe multiple hazards & contain multiple pictograms.For example: "Causes damage to kidneys through prolonged or repeated exposure when absorbed through the skin." All of the applicable hazard statements must appear on the label. Hazard statements may be combined where appropriate to reduce redundancies and improve readability. The hazard statements are specific to the hazard classification categories, and chemical users should always see the same statement for the same hazards, no matter what the chemical is or who produces it. A few more examples are : Flammable Gas Combustible Liquid Fatal if Swallowed Causes Eye Irritation

14. Labels (continued): Precautionary Statement - briefly describes preventative measures that should be adhered to when using the chemical in order to reduce hazardous risks. For example, an SDS or label may state: "wear respiratory protection“ Or“wear eye protection”. There are 4 types of precautionary statements: Prevention – tells the reader how best to prevent the potential hazard. Response – details the safest way to clean a spill or treat exposure (i.e. “do not induce vomiting”). Storage – describes the safest way to store the chemical (“do not expose to heat or light”). Disposal – outlines best practices for getting rid of the chemical contaminated objects. Note: When similar precautionary statements apply,the one providing the most protective informationwill be included on the label.

15. Labels (continued): Secondary Container Labels are required when operations in the work-place includes the transferring of small amounts from the original container to a secondary container such as a sprayer or bucket (i.e. form release, coating, patching materials). Secondary containers need to comply with OSHA standards. The standards are in effect to prevent any cases where uncertainty of the handled material could jeopardize the health and safety of anyone on site. Listed below are the OSHA requirements concerning what should be on the secondary container label: Name of product (as listed on SDS) and manufacturer Signal Word – The word used to describe the level of severity of a hazard. Hazard and Precautionary Statements: Hazard Statement – Describes the nature of the hazard of a chemical and degree of hazard.Example: “May cause an allergic skin reaction.” Precautionary Statement – Describes recommendedprevention measures.Example: “Wash affected skin with soap and water. “ Pictograms (9 standards must have a red border whitebackground and black symbol.

16. Safety Data Sheets: Safety Data Sheets or SDS are used to provide employers and workers with detailed chemical information. They have been standardized. For Example, Section 2, Hazard(s) Identification, will always contain all hazards of the product, and the required label elements for every SDS that you review. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) must be written in English; however SDS may also be maintained by the employer in other languages as well. They must be readily accessible to all employees on each work shift.

17. Safety Data Sheets (continued):16-Section Format Section 1, Identification includes product identifier; manufacturer or distributor name, address, phone number; emergency phone number; recommended use; restrictions on use. Section 2, Hazard(s) identification includes all hazards regarding the chemical; required label elements. Section 3, Composition/information on ingredients includes information on chemical ingredients; trade secret claims. Section 4, First-aid measures includes important symptoms/effects, acute, delayed; required treatment. Section 5, Fire-fighting measures lists suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire.

18. Safety Data Sheets (continued):16-Section Format Section 6, Accidental release measures lists emergency procedures; protective equipment; proper methods of containment and cleanup. Section 7, Handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including incompatibilities. Section 8, Exposure controls/personal protection lists OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLVs); and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the SDS where available as well as appropriate engineering controls; personal protective equipment (PPE). Section 9, Physical and chemical properties lists the chemical's characteristics. Section 10, Stability and reactivity lists chemical stability and possibility of hazardous reactions.

19. Safety Data Sheets (continued):16-Section Format Section 11, Toxicological information includes routes of exposure; related symptoms, acute and chronic effects; numerical measures of toxicity. Section 12, Ecological information*Section 13, Disposal considerations*Section 14, Transport information*Section 15, Regulatory information* *Note: Since other Agencies regulate this information, OSHA will not be enforcing Sections 12 through 15 (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(2)). Section 16, Other information, includes the date of preparation or last revision. Employers must ensure that SDSs are readily accessible to employees. See Appendix D of 1910.1200 for a detailed description of SDS contents.

20. Information & Training: All employees must be trained to identify and work safely with hazardous materials. The training should cover the Hazardous Communication Standard requirements, the location of chemicals in the workplace, and a written program that includes SDSs, list of hazardous chemicals present in the work environment and labeling requirements. What is a hazardous chemical? OSHA defines “hazardous chemical” as a chemical which is classified as a physical hazard or a health hazard, a simple asphyxiate, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas, or hazard not otherwise classified. Which employees are covered? Employees that must be protected under the Hazard Communication Standard are those employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal working conditions.

21. Information & Training (continued): Review the following with all employees: Location of the written program Location of the material inventory of chemicals on the worksite. Location of the SDS sheets How to read an SDS sheet (16 section format) Explain how your SDS book is compiled. Is it in alphabetical order or in order by type of product? It is important that all employees know where to find the SDS sheets, how to read them, how to read container labels (both original containers and secondary containers) and storage requirements.

22. Information Sources OSHA has a web page on the GHS: https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/ Includes links to the Hazard Communication Standard, Documents & Guidance.