Hungarian Defense Review and Defense Reform

1. THE HUNGARIAN DEFENSE REVIEW AND DEFENSE REFORM Colonel Gabor Nagy Deputy Chief for Integration, HU MoD Defense Staff 6 November 2003

2. Background • Changing strategic security environment (11 September, Prague Summit, NATO enlargement credible ally) • Loss of credibility and reliability in the Alliance • Growing gap between allied obligations and delivered military capabilities • The current force structure is unaffordable • Recognition of incoherence in plans • Increasing cost of overheads • Limited support costs to deliver military capability

3. Main objectives • The vision: „To qualitatively contribute to the Euro-Atlantic peace and security” • To balance the new security policy challenges and available resources • To deliver a properly costed 10 year plan • To develop realistic, affordable, required military capabilities • To transform to all volunteer forces

4. The ten-step process 1. Agree Foreign and Security Policy objectives (based onthreat analysis)  2. Agree Defence Objectives  3. Agree Military Missions and Tasks  4. Agree Planning Assumptions  5. Identify Required Military Capabilities  6. Identify the full implications  7. Develop credible and robust costing  8. Identify options  9. Decide on priorities 10. Allocation of resources and finalisation of Master Plan 

5. Basic assumptions • Threats: • No strategic attack on NATO in 15-20 years • No conventional attack on Hungary in 5-10 years • Potential threats • Regional instability, South-East Europe, East Europe, Mediterranean, • Terrorism, • Proliferation WMDs, their components, precursors, delivery means, illegal arms trade • Risks • Illegal and mass migration, organized crime, drugs-trade, environmental and other risks

6. Tasks of the Hungarian Defense Forces

7. Level of ambition Home defense tasks the whole armed forces Home tasks • Border security • Brigade HQ • Battalion task force • Combat helos • Artillery • GBAD • Air policing • Air C2 • Radars • Fighters • STO • Infrastructure • Host Nation Support • Air bases • Bridging • CBNR • Military hospitals • Logistics • Security (guard) forces • Assist civilian authorities • EOD • SAR • Ceremonial, moral • Ceremonial battalion • Military music

8. Level of ambition One brigade, no rotation, one shot NATO Article 5, EU operations,deployment with all CS and CSS elements Operations abroad Four Gripens for Air-to-Ground tasks Four combat helos Two battalion size forces, max 1600 persons, A-B-C rotation Specialization „Niche capabilities” (Med, CIMIC, CBNR, SOF) One shot no rotation Bridging battalion Water purification coy MP battalion

9. Force development considerations • Not territorial defense – but collective security • Operations in Allied (International) Coalition – expeditionary forces • Modular, multifunctional, flexible • Number of existing deployable combat elements will be increasing gradually • Combat support and combat service support capabilities will be enhancing • Complementary force development, strategic lift, air refueling, theatre intelligence (AGS), theatre air defense on Alliance/international basis • GDP share from 2006 1,81 % • Focus on Alliance shortfalls (bridging, MP, water purification) • Focus on „Niche” capabilities (medical, CIMIC, NBC, SOF) • Replace old, obsolete WP equipment with NATO compatible systems • Corps level support artillery, EW, AIFVs eliminated, MBTs downsized, • Retain military capabilities justified by the level of ambition • Transition, modernization, all volunteer forces projects going in parallel

10. Land Forces 2 light infantry brigades, with CS, CSS elements SOF battalion Reconnaissance battalion, long range recce included Engineer brigade, bridging and water purification capabilities included Tank battalion NBC battalion Logistic regiment Basic training center Air Force Air Base (MOB), all fix-winged assets, GRIPEN (MiG-29 until 2009) transport, training aircraft Air Base (MOB) reserve Helicopter Base, Mi-24, Mi-8/17, support and logistic elements Ground Air Defense Brigade (KUB+MISTRAL) C2, support and logistic elements Air Surveillance Regiment Air Command Center Support battalion The force structure • Logistics • General Logistic Support Supply Group • Dangerous Materiel Supply Group • Support Regiment • Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Flotilla Regiment • Movement Coordination Centre • Printing Office • METEO Service • Mapping Service • CIMIC • Equipment Surplus Storage Facility (Nyírtelek) Modular, multifunctional, flexible Remarkable increase of deployable elements Enhanced combat support (CS), combat service support (CSS)

11. Equipment replacement policy

12. Principles for personnel transfers • Actual strength: 42 000 (authorization 44 400) • Conscripts: 9100 (authorization 7800) • Planned authorizations: 2006 2010 2013 MH 30 000 28 000 26 500 HM 5 000 4 000 3 500 Σ 35 000 32 000 30 000 • Quality retention principles: • Outstanding evaluation/progress report and performance; • Required military education, skills + qualifications • Foreign languages (high level or STANAG) • Education abroad or service abroad • Various professional experiences, unit-level-service experiences • Computer user skills • Doctor’s degree • Passed PT tests • Health status • Special knowledge, skills

13. Social and economic affects • Base closures, purchasing power, demand for goods and commodities are decreasing in the area • Family transfers free up jobs, school- and childcare places in the abandoned garrison, but appear as new demands elsewhere • Locally hired employees are loosing their job • Employment redundant personnel requires coordination • Equipment development, modernization resources are limited, forced elimination of military capabilities • 10-15 thousand personnel decrease in ten years, unavoidable base closures, cautious dialogue with municipalities is crucial • Growing equipment surplus, sale, recycling, destruction required

14. What we might win? • By 2006 9 NATO-compatible, manned, equipped, deployable, flexible, trained, and willing infantry battalions (of which one is reconnaissance and another one is ranger type SOF) • Modern fighters, 3D radars, modernized and/or new combat and transport helicopters • Specialization (water purification, bridging, military police) • Meet important allied requirements (NRF, FP-2004, PCC ) • Advanced modernization (organizational, operational, equipment) • Extended, enhanced fire power • Increased deployability • More simple sustainment • In line with NATO instructions • Based on existing capabilities, progresses • Decrease affects on personnel (capability loss by transfer to another garrison) • More simple, effective recruitment system • Balanced resource plan

15. How to proceed? • Government decision 24 Sep 2003 • Draft the ten-year-plan • Programming all ten-year-plan elements • Prepare and distribute TOEs • Revise 2004-2006 budget plan (Done) • Brief parliamentary parties, factions • Continue discussions with municipalities • NATO trilateral in November (FP-2004) • Present proposals to amend defense-related Parliamentary resolutions (Fall)

16. „To qualitatively contribute to the Euro-Atlantic peace and security”