CalEEMod Tricks of the Trade

1. CalEEModTricks of the Trade Air Quality and Climate Change Workshop AEP 2019 Conference

2. Session Outline • General recommendations • Construction: off-road, on-road, mitigation • Operational: mobile, area, energy, mitigation • Takeaways and Resources

3. General Recommendations • SCAQMD’s “Tips for Using CalEEMod” extremely handy

4. General Recommendations • The infamous “cascade defaults” button • Start your run with this box checked • Enter land use data and then move to construction screen • Once you start entering project-specific data UNCHECK the box • Whenever you re-open your project file, you must UNCHECK the box again • Always check of your inputs before re-running a file • Make changes to defaults in small chunks – run reports frequently to make sure the model calculates properly

5. Construction: Off-Road Tips • Make sure construction is complete during or before your operational year (selected on the Project Characteristics Screen) • BE VERY WARY of construction defaults (phases and equipment) • Defaults are based on acreage values in the land use screen (not sqft) • Never use defaults for projects over 4 stories tall or >35 acres in size

6. Construction: Off-Road Tips • Do not delete equipment; enter “0” for equipment number instead • If you change an equipment type, default HP and LF will not load • If you change the default HP to a value higher than the ranges listed in Table 3.4 of Appendix D in the User’s Guide, construction emissions will be zero(e.g. >16 for dumpers/tenders) • Defaultsdon’t account for material haul or excavation; you need to enter this manually • The default grading phase does not have graders

7. Construction: On-Road Tips • Do not trust the default vendor trip rate! • Default = 0.18 daily trips per 1,000 square feet (building construction phase) • Does not take into account the construction phase duration • Example: 2,000,000 square feet, 4 years of construction = 0.18 * 2,000,000 = 360 trips per day * 4 years * 260 days/year = 375,000 total vendor trips. • Water trucks are included in vendor trips; but you can re-write vendor trips • “# Trips per day” = one-way trips, not roundtrips. Be careful! • If you have haul trucks operating during multiple phases or on a different schedule, you will need to manually account for this • Enter both material import (e.g. CY) and trips per day for haul trips • Silt loading values may be overestimated; use CARB method

8. Operation: Mobile Sources • Match your VMT to the traffic study: • Trip rate = one-way trips per day • Primary, divert, and pass-by trip percents= be consistent with traffic report • Trip rate * land use size * trip length * 365 = annual VMT • Make sure total annual VMT in output matches traffic report total VMT

9. Operation: Mobile Sources • Default fleet mix includes all vehicle types, including HD trucks • Does your traffic report include buses and HD trucks? Delivery / loading? • Or only light-duty and passenger vehicles? • You will need to adjust the fleet mix to account for this • Does not account for land use types – all are the same

10. Operation: Mobile Sources

11. Operation: Mobile Sources • CalEEMod Uses EMFAC2014 emission rates, not EMFAC2017 • Key differences between 14’ and 17’: • Fleet characterization: new vehicle registration data • In-use emissions: extensive emission testing for LD and HD vehicle • Activity profiles: new travel survey and HD truck data • Natural gas trucks are included • GHG module: updated emission rates and N2O emissions • Transit bus module: new bus activity and emissions data

12. Other CalEEMod Limits • Zero net energy buildings • Future updates to Title 24 standards (e.g. 2019) • Future state regulations, like RPS and SB 350 • Charbroiling emissions (PM, ROG, and other TACs) • Short-lived climate pollutants (e.g. black carbon and HFCs) • Electric pumps (e.g. pool pumps) • Model-year engine requirement as mitigation

13. Takeaways • Check all your inputs on every screen before re-running • Run reports frequently and save often • Don’t use defaults unless you have to (esp. construction) • Run the right report depending on your threshold • Be aware of CalEEMod limitations and model separately as needed • Integrate off-model calculations correctly • QA your results; compare to other similar projects

14. Resources

15. Questions? For additional questions, please contact: Brian Schuster Environmental Science Associates bschuster@esassoc.com 455.262.2308

16. EXTRA SLIDES

17. Project Characteristics Screen • Make sure you select correct “Operational Year” • Your construction phases MUST start and end before operational year • If analyzing GHGs, make sure you find the right utility emission factor • If you want to incorporate RPS, you will need to do so manually (CalEEMod does not account for RPS and changing power generation profiles)

18. Land Use Screen • If you have asphalt paving, such as a road or parking lot: • you MUST select a parking land use subtype (parking lot, parking structure, other asphalt surfaces, or other non-asphalt surfaces) • A parking structure or other non-asphalt surfaces are assumed to be concrete with no off-gassing • If you ONLY want construction emissions, enter the following: • “other asphalt surfaces” for asphalt paving • “User Defined Residential” and “User Defined Commercial” - specify the correct building square footage for architectural coating emissions • Ensure the total acreage at the bottom of the land use screen is accurate: this is the basis for default construction schedule and equipment list. • If you ONLY want operational, you must have one construction phase

19. Construction: On-Road Tips • What about non-hauling trucks? (equipment mobilization, cement trucks, onsite pickup trucks, etc.) • Option 1:increase # of truck trips to account for ALL truck types • Option 2:separate phases for other truck types (no off-road equipment) • Option 3:run emissions outside of CalEEMod using EMFAC2017 • What about onsite truck activity? E.g. driving around site • run emissions outside of CalEEMod using EMFAC2017 • What about truck idling? • Typically 15 min per roundtrip: 5 min check-in, 5 min check-out, 5 min loading • Use EMFAC2017 idling emission rates (grams per vehicle hour)

20. Construction: Mitigation Tips • If you change construction equipment numbers, the “Total Number of OffroadEquipments” field will not automatically update • Don’t combine Tier 4 engines with DPFs; this double-counts PM reductions (tier 4 + level III DPF = tier 4 interim) • Tier 4 Final vs. Interim: interim reduces PM, final reduces NOX

21. Construction: Mitigation Tips • Mitigated emissions may be higher than unmitigated emissions, depending on year of construction and engine tier: • In some instances, the statewide fleet mix average for a particular equipment type, year, and HP may be lower than the engine tier standard • Can’t select different mitigation options for the same equipment types in different phases; equipment is grouped by type

22. Construction: Out of Model Mitigation • Biodiesel(or renewable diesel) reduces emissions (except for NOx) for on-road trucks and off-road equipment • CalEEModonly has B20 option for off-road equipment • For other fuels (B50, B100) or on-road, calculate outside

23. Operation: Mobile Sources Source: ARB Workshop (November 9, 2018); preliminary results, subject to change

24. Operation: Area Sources & Energy • Fireplaces and woodstoves are default; do you have these? • All land uses have consumer products as default, including parking lots and golf courses; if you have these, adjust the emission rate • Architectural coatings: check your square footages • CalEEMod version 2016.3.2 incorporates 2016 Title 24 standards • If your project is built after 2020, it must comply with 2019 standards • Can use mitigation measure as a proxy (% below T24) • Or calculate energy intensities offline and enter in the “Energy Use” tab

25. Operation: Mitigation • What do your Traffic Report trip rates include? • Are these truly “unmitigated” values? • What project design features are already accounted for? • Are you double-counting mitigation? • Traffic mitigation based on CAPCOA (2010) methods; does not account for double-counting, so be wary of combining strategies • Percent below Title 24 can be used as a proxy for future standards • Electric vehicles are not a mitigation measure • If using low-VOC coatings, check your unmitigated values

26. Operation: Mitigation

27. Operation: Out of Model Mitigation Electric Vehicle (EV) Infrastructure • Step one: Determine EV Ownership and use based upon infrastructure availability. • Sources of data: • California DMV Records • CARB: Plug in Electric Vehicle Ownership Study • Plug in America.Org • American Public Power Association

28. Operation: Out of Model Mitigation Electric Vehicle (EV) Infrastructure • Step Two: Determine Vehicle type being replaced by EVs. • EMFAC: • Light duty passenger car gasoline • Light duty passenger car diesel • Step Three: Determine VMT Replacement. • Step Four: Determine Charging consumption (kWh) • EF for electrical use for GHG emissions only

29. Running Reports • Annual or daily? • What is your threshold? • BAAQMD = average daily • SCAQMD = max daily • GHGs = always use annual report • Off-model calculations: be careful to align your schedule of off-model emissions (like additional truck trips) with your CalEEMod phases and max daily time period

30. Running Reports • Are you conducting an HRA? • If so, you will need to calculate total annual DPM emissions (PM10) at a minimum • Export to excel and convert text to number • CalEEMod excel output format is funky; tread cautiously