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Canonical and non-canonical clause structures

Canonical and non-canonical clause structures. Szilágyi Szandra Angol szintaxis tanároknak Spring 2015. Canonical and non-canonical clauses. Transform the sentences into the most basic and elementary structures. Grammar isn’t the greatest joy in life.

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Canonical and non-canonical clause structures

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  1. Canonical and non-canonical clause structures Szilágyi Szandra Angol szintaxis tanároknak Spring 2015

  2. Canonical and non-canonical clauses Transform the sentences into the most basic and elementary structures. • Grammar isn’t the greatest joy in life. • Does tyranny begin with the laws of grammar? • They say that the English language is work in progress. • Grammarians make no new thoughts, but thoughts make new grammar. • The passive voice should never be used by us.

  3. Canonical and non-canonical clauses • Grammar isn’t the greatest joy in life. • Grammar is the greatest joy in life. • Does tyranny begins with the laws of grammar? • Tyranny begins with the laws of grammar. • They say that the English language is work in progress. • The English language is work in progress. • Grammarians make no new thoughts, but thoughts make new grammar. • Thoughts make new grammar. • The passive voice should never be used by us. • We should never use the passive voice.

  4. Canonical and non-canonical clauses • Grammar isn’t the greatest joy in life. • Grammar is the greatest joy in life.  POSITIVE • Does tyranny begin with the laws of grammar? • Tyranny begins with the laws of grammar.  DECLARATIVE • They say that the English language is a work in progress. • The English language is a work in progress.MAIN CLAUSE • Grammarians make no new thoughts, but thoughts make new grammar. • Thoughts make new grammar.  NON-COORDINATE • The passive voice should never be used by us. • We should never use the passive voice.  ACTIVE

  5. Parts of speech, phrasesChoose the odd word/phrase out in each set – the one that does not belong to that particular category.(e.g.: built (V), door, garden, room, window)

  6. 8 primary word classes/parts of speech: Verb (built, learn, …) Noun (grammar, class, …) Adjective (angry, silly, …) Adverb (obviously, badly, …) Determinative (every, an, …) Preposition (at, into, …) Coordinator (and, or, …) Subordinator (that, if, …) Phrases: Verb Phrase [write letters] Noun Phrase [new house] Adjective Phrase [rather late] Adverb Phrase [too soon] Determinative Phrase [very little] Preposition Phrase [in the garden] Parts of speech, phrases

  7. The structure of canonical clauses • a canonical clause consists of a Subject followed by a Predicate: Subject Predicate One of his friends I called the doctor • Grammatical properties that help to identify the Subject: • POSITION: before the Predicate • FORMATION OF INTERROGATIVES: inverting with the 1st auxiliary/appropriate form of do • INTERROGATIVE TAGS: personal pronoun Subject relates back to the Subject • SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: verb’s person-number properties are determined by the Subject

  8. The structure of canonical clauses • Predicator: the function filled by the verb • Complement: is licensed by the verb verb permits/requires it • Adjunct: is not licensed by the verb independent of the verb Complement Adjunct She mowed I the lawn I before it started to rain.

  9. The structure of canonical clauses • Finish the following sentences using the phrases on the slips. Find as many solutions as you can. • 1. Our cat is … • 2. We made … • 3. I consider … • 4. They disappeared … • 5. We put … • 6. He became … • 7. They bought … • 8. Peter sent …

  10. Our cat is…

  11. We made…

  12. I consider…

  13. They disappeared…

  14. We put…

  15. He became…

  16. They bought…

  17. Peter sent…

  18. The structure of canonical clauses • On the basis of the presence or absence of the Complement types considered so far we can distinguish the following canonical clause structures:

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