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+. +. +. +. +. +. +. -. +. D +. So I don’t forget next year. Green Beret Nixon Bay of Pigs Castro Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Hot line Debate. Some important definitions that will relate to what we talk about in the future. Cold War Berlin Airlift GI Bill Baby Boom.
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So I don’t forget next year • Green Beret • Nixon • Bay of Pigs • Castro • Berlin Wall • Cuban Missile Crisis • Hot line • Debate
Some important definitions that will relate to what we talk about in the future. • Cold War • Berlin Airlift • GI Bill • Baby Boom
1960 U.S. Election • Why didn’t Eisenhower run for a 3rd term?
The Kennedy Era begins: 1960 Election • Major Issues • Foreign Policy = Cold War/Space Race • Domestic Issues = Civil Rights, aid for elderly and poor • Candidates • Republican = Richard M. Nixon • Democrat = John F. Kennedy, V.P. Lyndon B. Johnson. • Kennedy is relatively unknown, he is a Catholic (never been a Catholic president), and he is very young (43). All of these things looked like disadvantages for Kennedy.
How does Kennedy win the election? • 1) appearance in debates • 2) Lyndon B. Johnson was popular in the south • 3) MLK was arrested in Georgia for “trespassing” in an all white restaurant. Kennedy made phone calls and worked to get him out of prison. This gained him a large portion of the African American vote.
Ballad of the Green Beret • It is a special forces unit of the army set up under Kennedy. • They operated to assist countries struggling to fight communism. • They were part of Kennedy’s Flexible Response policy. He strengthened the conventional military so his only option wouldn’t be using nuclear weapons.
Look in book at page 898 for Peace Corps and Alliance for Progress. Both part of Flexible Response.
Jet Man- this Swedish man developed a jet powered wing that straps onto his back…it makes his body just like a plane. (yes it is real and works)
Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961) • Fidel Castro led an uprising in Cuba and overthrew the former dictator. • The U.S. didn’t support Castro (boycott Cuban goods) • Castro allied himself with the Soviets and states he is a communist. • The CIA develops a plan to use 1,500 Cuban refugees to invade Cuba and start an uprising. The U.S. will train them and take them there but won’t fight. • Kennedy approves the invasion and on April 17th 1961 it begins. • It is a complete disaster. Within 3 days almost all were captured. • The U.S. looks like idiots. Castro strengthens his ties with the Soviets.
Khrushchev believed that Kennedy was weak and could be intimidated. The Berlin wall was a way of testing him. How did the Bay of Pigs Relate to the Berlin Wall being built?
Separate East (Soviet) and West (Allied) Berlin. Built by Khrushchev to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West. Purpose of the Berlin Wall (June 61)
Checkpoint Charlie: The most famous border crossing and the only one Allied citizens could use.
Over 1,000 people lost their lives trying to cross the wall…tunnels were actually dug underneath it for passage.
It was the most iconic symbol of the cold war from 1961 until 1989 when Germany was reunified.
Tear down this wall video http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,48263482001_1934828,00.html?xid=yahoo-feat
Castro turns to the Soviets to provide him with defensive missiles to prevent another invasion. Soviets give him these and offer nukes. U-2 spy plane finds evidence of missile sites on Cuba. JFK says we will sink any Soviet ships carrying missiles to Cuba and we set up a blockade. Ships have a standoff…U.S. nuclear weapons are armed and ready to fire if there is a conflict but Soviet ships turn around. How did the Bay of Pigs Invasion lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Cuban Missile Crisis: October 1962 • U-2 spy plane photographs missile sites being erected on Cuba by the Soviets. • The U.S. responds by setting up a blockade line around Cuba to keep out Soviet ships bringing missiles. JFK says we will sink any ship that crosses this line. • Soviet ships came right up to the line and then turned around. • During these 14 days, the world was closer to nuclear war than it has ever been.
Photograph of missile crates on their way to Cuba during the Missile Crisis.
30 years later it was revealed that there were already nuclear weapons on Cuba before the Missile Crisis…How close were we to nuclear war?
The Soviets agree to remove missiles from Cuba. U.S. and Soviets sign a Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to end testing of Nukes in the atmosphere and water. A Hot Line is established between the Soviets and U.S. which allows the leaders to communicate directly during a crisis. After the Crisis tensions are reduced.
The first full picture of Earth from space? • What effect do you think that this picture had on people on Earth?
This is actually the fist picture of Earth from space taken by a weather satellite in 1960.
Kennedy and the Space Race • April 1961 Soviets send Yuri Gagarin into space • Kennedy believed that the U.S. needed to advance ahead of the Soviets in the space race. • In 1961 Alan Shepard was the first American in space followed shortly by John Glenn to be the 1st American to orbit Earth. • Kennedy set up the Apollo space program in a quest to land a man on the moon. • "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth.“
Earthrise taken by Apollo 8 on December of 1968. This was the first time a human saw the Earth rise above the horizon of the Moon.
Apollo 8 message back to earth after coming around the dark side of the moon
The song chronicles 120 events that occurred in his life from 1949-1989. He said he would’ve become a history teacher had he not been a musician. He was a member of the “Baby Boomer” generation, like many of your parents he lived through these events too. See how many names and events you can pick out that we have discussed in class. We didn’t start the fire – History Lesson by Billy Joel
