Restoration History

1. Restoration History 5 – Seeds of division

2. Why Did We Divide? • The Issues: • Instrumental Music in Worship • Missionary Society • Professional Ministers

3. Why Did We Divide? • Unspoken Issues • Regional/Political Differences • Urban Culture vs. Rural Culture • Economic Differences • All of these are impacted and magnified by the U.S. Civil War

4. Presbyterian (PCUSA) American Baptist Convention Methodist Episcopal Church Episcopal Church in the USA Presbyterian (PCCSA) Southern Baptist Convention Methodist Episcopal Church, South Episcopal Church in the CSA Secession and Churches

5. The Issue of Slavery • Campbell was moderate • He opposed the institution of slavery • However, it should not divide church • Opposing views among Disciples. • The war forced the issue.

6. The Issue of Slavery • Outspoken abolitionist. • Evangelist to Kansas. Pardee Butler

7. The Issue of Slavery • Pro-slavery. • Nature, the United States Constitution, and the Bible itself all approve of slavery. James Shannon

8. American Christian Missionary Society • Some were opposed such an organization. • The American Christian Missionary Society was formed in October, 1859. • Campbell was named President.

9. Tolbert Fanning • 1810, born in Tennessee. • Raised in Alabama. • Baptize by B. F. Hall. • Attended University of Nashville. • 1836 – Married Charlotte Fall.

10. Tolbert Fanning • 1844 – Started Christian Review. • 1845 - Founded Franklin College. • 1855 – Began the Gospel Advocate.

11. Tolbert Fanning • Initially opposed ACMS. • 1859, addressed the convention: “We are one people.”

12. American Christian Missionary Society • First missionary: Dr. James T. Barclay.

13. American Christian Missionary Society • First missionary: Dr. James T. Barclay. • Missionary to Jerusalem 1851-54. • Second tour 1858-1862.

14. American Christian Missionary Society • Second missionary: Alexander Cross. • Former slave from Hopkinsville, Kentucky. • Arrived in Liberia December, 1853. • Died February, 1854.

15. American Christian Missionary Society • Third missionary: J. O. Beardslee. • Jamaica, 1858.

16. 1200 Congregations 800 Congregations North and South Pacifists:

17. J. W. McGarvey “I would rather ten thousand times be killed for refusing to fight than to fall in battle, or come home victorious with the blood of my brethren on my hands.”

18. American Christian Missionary Society • During the Civil War, southerners were unable to attend the national meetings in Ohio. • October 1861 - The ACMS considered a resolution to support the Union. • “Resolved, that we deeply sympathize with the loyal and patriotic in our country, in the present effort to sustain the Government of the United States….”

19. Southern Reaction • “How can the servants of the Lord of this section ever strike hands with the men who now seek their life’s blood?” - Tolbert Fanning

20. American Christian Missionary Society Resolved, that we unqualifiedly declare our allegiance to [the United States] government, and repudiate as false and slanderous any statements to the contrary. That we tender our sympathies to our brave and noble soldiers in the field who are defending us from the attempts of armed traitors to overthrow our government, and also to those bereaved, and rendered desolate by the ravages of war… [1863]

21. David Lipscomb • Born 1831. • Studied under Tolbert Fanning at Franklin College (1846-1849). • Opposed Christians going to war.

22. David Lipscomb • David Lipscomb demanded the ACMS repent • 1866, Restarted the Gospel Advocate: • “. . . not a single paper known to us that Southern people could read without having their feelings wounded by political insinuations and slurs, . . .”

23. “Standard” Men • Christian Standard, edited by Isaac Errett. • A more progressive paper for the north - championed post-war support of the Union. • Began in 1866 with the support of Rep. James A. Garfield.

24. Christian Standard. Isaac Errett, editor. Christian Church Gospel Advocate David Lipscomb, ed. Church of Christ North and South

25. The 1906 Admission • S.N.D. North - Director of the U.S. Religious Census of 1906 detected a division in the S-C movement. • David Lipscomb, editor of the Gospel Advocate, agreed that Churches of Christ and Disciples should be listed separately. David Lipscomb

26. Churches of Christ 159,658 members Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 982,701 members 1906 - U.S. Religious Census [Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement] Church of Christ/Disciples

27. Did We Divide? Disciples/Christian Church • 86% are in North and Border States • 14% are in South • Total: 982,701 Churches of Christ • 64% are in South • 19% are in Border (OK) • 17% are in North • Total: 159,658 Distribution - Based on 1906 Religious Census Figures