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Module Two SCHIZOPHRENIA

Explore various aspects of schizophrenia including symptoms, causes, and treatment options in this comprehensive training program. Understand how patients experience the disorder and its impact on families and society. Learn about different types of psychotic disorders and factors influencing prognosis.

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Module Two SCHIZOPHRENIA

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  1. Module TwoSCHIZOPHRENIA • Lesson 1:What is schizophrenia and who it is manifested(2 training hours) • Lesson 2:How the patient himself experience Schizophrenia (2 training hours) • Lesson 3:What are the causes of Schizophrenia (2 traininghours) • Lesson 4: Ways of treatment for Schizophrenia (2 traininghours) • Lesson 5:Schizophrenia and Family (2 traininghours) • Lesson 6:Other psychotic disorders (1 traininghour) • TOTAL TIME: 11 TRAINING HOURS OF 45 MINUTES

  2. Lesson 1 WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA AND HOW IT IS MANIFESTED TIME : 90 minutes(2 training hours of 45 minutes)

  3. Step 1: Introduction(5΄) The subject of Schizophrenia preoccupy the society and attracts the Media. Unfortunately what is said or written is often inaccurate and create false impressions, which, in their turn, block the more efficient treatment of this serious problem.

  4. Step 2: Brainstorming and discussion (15΄) Write everything you know, you have heart or read regarding to Schizophrenia.

  5. Step 2 (continued) • The person that suffers from Schizophrenia has not got “split mind” or “dual personality” • He is not “dotty”, “nutty”, cracked” or “loony” etc. these terms are not used in Psychiatry. • He is no a criminal or violent. • His disease is not a punishment for his or his parents sins. • This did not occur because of his improper sexual behavior • The fact that there is no treatment is mistaken.

  6. Step 2 (continued) Schizophrenia is: • A serious mental disorder • It belongs to psychotic disorders. • Influences the way in which the person think, feels and behaves. • It is usually manifested to young persons but sometimes can also be manifested to middles-aged, or even elderly. • From this disorder suffer about one every hundred persons.

  7. Step 3:Slide projection and discussion(25΄) Slide 2.1.1: Symptoms of Schizophrenia • POSITIVE SYMPTOMS Aberrant ideas (hallucinations) Delusions Disorganized speech Abnormal behavior • NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS Reduction of emotions Poor content of though and speech Lack of desire and pleasure

  8. Step 3 (continued) Slide 2.1.2: different types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid • Catatonic • Disorganized • Undifferentiated • Residual

  9. Step 4: Exercise (15΄) leaflet 1.1: Clinical case Mark with the sign + the characteristics you consider that have positive prognostic significance and with the sing – those you think that have negative.

  10. Step 5:Slide Projection(20΄) Slide 2.1.3: Clinical case (-) It is about a man. (-) In young age. (+) He suffers after the failure in exams and relapsed after his grandfather’s death. (-) It is not clear when exactly his disease was manifested. (-)He isolated a few months a few months before he got sick.

  11. Step 5 (continued) (-)between two incidents he could not work. (+) Among other symptoms he manifests depression. (-) His symptoms responded to the treatment slowly. (+) Nobody in the family suffered from Schizophrenia. (+) The father had manifested depression.

  12. Step 5 (continued) Slide 2.1.4: Factors that influence negatively the progress of Schizophrenia? • Insidious outbreak • Onset in early age • Isolation before the manifestation of the disorder • Male gender • Απουσία εκλυτικών γεγονότων • Absence of emotional elements • Long duration of acute phase

  13. Step 5 (continued) • Important functionality decrease • Many residuary elements • Coexistence of neurological diseases • Existence of family history • retreat from reality(?) • Substance use

  14. Step 6:Questions and Comments (5΄)

  15. Step 7:Lesson’s evaluation(5΄)

  16. Lesson 2 HOW THE PATIENT HIMSELF EXPERIENCE SCHIZOPHRENIA TIME : 90 minutes(2 traininghours of 45 minutes)

  17. Step 1: Introduction (5΄) It is really important to try to understand how exactly thinks and feels a person who is under the effect of hallucinating disorders and auditory delusions and why his behavior is disordered.

  18. Step 2: Exercise(15΄) Paper and pen While the person A (or B) writes, the B (A) should keep whispering a short phrase that he will invent, with negative content for the person A (or (B).

  19. Step 3: Discussion(10΄) Describe what were you thinking and how did you feel while you were trying to write the letter and what was the quality of your task.

  20. Step 4 : Brainstorming(15΄) Paper and pen Write all the reasons that might lead people with Schizophrenia to aggressive behavior.

  21. Step 5:Exercise(20΄) In what way is influenced the biological, psychological and social efficiency of the person from Schizophrenia?

  22. Step 6: Slide Projection(15΄) Slide 2.2.1: Fields of human functionality that might be influenced from Schizophrenia Biological: • Sleep • Nutrition • Mobility • Function of intestines and cysts • Physical health

  23. Step 6 (continued) Psychological: • Perception of other people, objects and the environment. • Mood and emotional reactions • The idea of himself, ability of self-examination and self esteem • Concentration, thinking and learning • Adaptability

  24. Step 6 (continued) Social: • Communication with other people (verbal or not verbal) • Personal relationships • Manifestation of sexuality • Employment • Entertainment

  25. Step 7:Questions and comments (5΄)

  26. Step 8 : Lesson’s evaluation (5΄)

  27. Lesson 3 CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA TIME : 90 minutes(2 training hours of 45 minutes)

  28. Step 1: Introduction (5΄) In reality, we do not know yet the causes of Schizophrenia. Scientists have studied many different factors who could possibly explain the reason why people manifest Schizophrenia. At present we have not found a concrete causal factor. But as it appears there are plenty factors that contribute in combination with each other to its manifestation.

  29. Step 2: Exercise (20΄) Leaflet 2.3.1: Clinical case List the factors that can influence positively and negatively the development or not of Schizophrenia from B.

  30. Step 3:Slide Projection (20΄) Slide 2.3.1: Causal factors of Schizophrenia ·Genetic ·Neurochemical ·Neurodevelopmental ·Environmental

  31. Step 4: Exercise (20΄) Leaflet 2.3.2: possibility of appearance of Schizophrenia to relatives. Use four different colors for four different levels of high probability of appearance of the disease to relatives of a patient as following: redthe persons that have the most possibilities to manifest the disease, orange for those that have the immediately less possibilities, blue for those that have even less, and green for those that are not influenced at all.

  32. Step 5: Slide Projection(15΄) Slide 2.3.1:Possibility of manifestation of Schizophrenia to relatives Monozygotic twins (identical twins) 45% (100% similar genetic material) • Immediate family connection - parents, siblings, children - 10% (50% similar genetic material) • Non immediate family connection – uncle, nephew - 3% (25% similar genetic material) Probability of the manifestation of the disease to the general population is estimated to 1%.

  33. Step 6: Questions and Comments (5΄)

  34. Step 7: Lesson’s Evaluation (5΄)

  35. Lesson 4 WHICH IS THE THERAPEUTICAL TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA TIME : 90 minutes(2 traininghours of 45 minutes)

  36. Step 1: Brainstorming and discussion (15΄) Paper and pen Describe the problems of a person that suffers from Schizophrenia which require therapeutical intervention.

  37. Step 1 (continued) • Symptoms • Problems that occur from the duration of the disease • Biological consequences to the person • Psychological consequences • Social difficulties

  38. Step 2: Exercise (10΄) Leaflet 2.4.1: Problems and adequate therapeutical interventions Join each problem that appears in the first column with the appropriate therapeutical intervention in the second column.

  39. Step 3: Slide projection and Discussion (20΄) Slide 2.4.1: Therapeutical interventions used in Schizophrenia • Antipsychotic medication • Trust relation with the therapeutical group • Complete continuous assistance • Ψυχοεκπαίδευση (?) • Intervention in the family • Intervention in the environment • Supporting therapy

  40. Step 3 (continued) • Group therapy • Learning of social skills • Cognitive therapy • Professional education • Work rehabilitation • Home ensuring • Entertainment

  41. Step 4 : Exercise and Discussion (15΄) Paper and pen Write the advantages and the disadvantages of antipsychotic medication for a schizophrenic person.

  42. Step 4 (continued) Legends spread regarding antipsychotic medication : • The “” are all the same and notorious and we should avoid taking • Τα «ψυχοφάρμακα» are drugs that one can be addicted. • They might be useful for a patient, but they should stop the medication as soon as the symptoms subside.

  43. Step 4 (continued) • The medication must always be taken in respect with the doctor’s instructions. • Stopping them for no reason increases the possibilities of relapse. • Relapses might be also shown while the patient is under the medication but are usually more gentle.

  44. Step 4 (continued) The patients usually want to stop their medication due to one of the following reasons: • Because they cannot suffer the side effects. • Because its reminds them of their disease, • Perhaps because the symptoms have not totally subside even though they are on medication, • or because they cannot drink alcohol, as their doctor have recommended.

  45. Step 5: Slide projection and Discussion (20΄) Slide 2.4.2: Common antipsychotic drugs Conventional • Chlorpromazine(Largactil) • Thiriodazine (Melleril) • Triflupromazine (Stelazine) • Haloperidol (Aloperidin) • Loxapine (Loxapac) unconventional • Clozapine (Leponex) • risperidone (Risperdal) • Olanzapine(Zyprexa) • Quetiapine (Seroquel)

  46. Step 5 (continued) Slide 2.4.3: Side effects of antipsychotic drugs • Parkinsonism. • Anxiety • low blood pressure • restlessness • muscle stiffness • milk secretion • sexual dysfunction • dry mouth, or constipation or blurred vision • Φωτοευαισθησία light sensitiveness? • weight gain • Κακόηθες σύνδρομο?

  47. Step 6: Questions and comments (5΄)

  48. Step 7: Lesson’s Evaluation (5΄)

  49. Lesson5 FAMILY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA TIME : 90 minutes(2 training hours of 45 minutes)

  50. Step 1: Discussion(10΄) Can the family cause Schizophrenia?

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