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AP World History POD #9 Medieval Europe

AP World History POD #9 Medieval Europe. The Crusades. Class Discussion Questions. McKay – “The Crusades”, pp. 277-283. What were the Crusades?. Holy wars sponsored by the church during the 11 th and 12 th centuries Conflict between Christians and Muslims

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AP World History POD #9 Medieval Europe

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  1. AP World HistoryPOD #9Medieval Europe The Crusades

  2. Class Discussion Questions McKay – “The Crusades”, pp. 277-283

  3. What were the Crusades? • Holy wars sponsored by the church during the 11th and 12th centuries • Conflict between Christians and Muslims • Continuation of the earlier conflict at the Battle of Tours

  4. What was the goal of the Crusades? • To reclaim the holy land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims

  5. Why were the Crusades called and supported? • Called by Pope Urban II in 1095 AD • If the Pope could raise a large army it would make him the leader of the Christian world • After the east / west split of (1054 AD) it was felt that the Crusades would increase Roman influence in the Greek east • The Turks had taken control of Jerusalem and it was feared that worship and trade would be dangerous for Christians – there was outrage that the holy city was controlled by non-believers • Eastern and western knights had been engaged in battle with each other – the Crusades would redirect their fighting towards a common Muslim enemy • Kings were able to send away troublesome knights allowing them to increase their power and authority at home • Land hungry sons had a chance for glory, fame, and fortune – they were able to gain their own fiefs in the Middle East

  6. What was the outcome of the Crusades? • There were numerous Crusade campaigns over the course of nearly 2 centuries • The Muslims continued to control the holy land

  7. What was the political legacy of the Crusades? • The political relationship between Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Muslim world remained nearly the same as before Pope Urban II called the Crusades • Crusades were launched against groups that were feared or thought to pose a political, heretical, or pagan risk to church doctrine • April 1204 (Fourth Crusade) – Crusaders and Venetians destroyed Constantinople solidifying the split between Roman and Greek church • The first of many colonizing movements in European history

  8. What was the social legacy of the Crusades? • Women gained greater social and economic status as they were given control of family assets and business while their husbands were off at war • “Aristocratic Diaspora” – movement of knights to the Christian frontier – Christianity was on the move again

  9. What was the economic impact of the Crusades? • Commerce and trade between the Middle East and Europe was formulated

  10. What was the religious legacy of the Crusades? • Anti-Semitism – prejudice against the Jews at the hands of the Christians – Jewish businesspeople helped finance the Crusades – the Christians were resentful of being in debt to the Jews • A permanent bitterness between Christians and Muslims (and to an extent Jews) was forged • From 1095 AD on most Christians did not regard Jews (or Muslims) as normal human beings, viewing them instead as inhuman monsters

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