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Active Targets: From Maya to ACTAR TPC

Principle. Maya. ACTAR TPC Design. Tests MM. Electronics. Active Targets: From Maya to ACTAR TPC. Riccardo Raabe Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica K.U.Leuven. 6 th DITANET Topical Workshop on Particle Detection Techniques. Principle. Maya. ACTAR TPC Design. Tests MM.

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Active Targets: From Maya to ACTAR TPC

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  1. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Active Targets:From Maya to ACTAR TPC Riccardo Raabe Instituut voor Kern- en StralingsfysicaK.U.Leuven 6th DITANET Topical Workshopon Particle Detection Techniques

  2. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Outline • The active target • Motivation and principle • Present devices • Configurations: physics cases, dynamic ranges • Requirements for the new instruments • Goals and design • Tests with bulk micromegas • Electronics

  3. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Motivation: reactions with the most exotic beams • Opportunities at the present and future RIBs facilities:SPIRAL2, FAIR, HIE-ISOLDE, RIKEN, FRIB, ISAC2... • Use direct and resonant reactions as spectroscopic toolto study the evolution of nuclear structure far from stability

  4. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Instruments “Usually” (RIBs):Target is a foilSolid-state detection arrays Good resolutiononly if gamma-ray detectionlow luminosity Most exotic (weakest) beams? Maximizetarget thickness detection efficiency

  5. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics The active target concept Time-Projection Chamber (TPC)… Electrons produced by ionizationdrift to an amplification zone Signals collected on a segmented“pad” plane  2d-image of the track 3rd dimension from the drift timeof the electrons …+ the detection gas is the target Large target thicknessand still good resolution Good efficiency,low detection threshold

  6. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Present devices: IKAR and CENBG TPC IKAR NPA 712 (2002) 247 Hydrogen gas, 10 bar Multiple ionization chambers High energy beam Elastic scattering of halo nuclei CENBG TPC NIMB 266 (2008) 4606 Mixture 90% Ar + 10% CH4, ≈1 bar Amplification: GEM Pad plane: micro-groove detector(orthogonal strips) 2p-emission decay studies Beam from FRS p

  7. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Present devices: Maya Maya NIMA 573 (2007) 145 Various gases: C4H10, D2, 4He+2%CF4, from 30 mbar to 1 bar Amplification: wires and induction Pad plane: hexagons Additional detectors for particlesescaping the gas volume

  8. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: identification of 7H M. Caamañoet al., PRL 99 (2007) 062502 8He(12C,13N)7H → 3H+4n 15.4 MeV/nucleon (SPIRAL) 13N (10 MeV) stoppedin 1.3 mg/cm2 carbon  active target Identification of channel:kinematic reconstruction 3H in CsI detectors 13N in gas volumeidentification (separate from 12C…)[“easy” because it is the highest Z]

  9. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: 11Li(p,t)9Li transfer reaction I. Tanihataet al., PRL 101 (2008) 192502 C4H10 150 mbar (1.7 mg/cm2) Both particles identified tritons 9Li

  10. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: 11Li(p,t)9Li transfer reaction I. Tanihataet al., PRL 101 (2008) 192502 C4H10 150 mbar (1.7 mg/cm2) Both particles identified

  11. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: 11Li(p,t)9Li transfer reaction I. Tanihataet al., PRL 101 (2008) 192502 C4H10 150 mbar (1.7 mg/cm2) Both particles identified Measure angles kinematic reconstruction

  12. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: mass of 11Li T. Roger et al., PRC 79 (2009) 031603(R) C4H10 350 mbar 9Li stopped in the detector, 3H in Si at 0 degrees Measure path length

  13. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: mass of 11Li T. Roger et al., PRC 79 (2009) 031603(R) C4H10 350 mbar 9Li stopped in the detector, 3H in Si at 0 degrees Measure path length

  14. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Maya results: Giant Monopole Resonance in 56Ni C. Monrozeauet al., PRL 100 (2008) 042501 Deuterium 1 bar Shield on beam path! Measure energy and angleof scattered d (at least 10 pads) 56Ni50 MeV/u d Diamond

  15. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Requirements with the new physics cases Various physics cases require different configurations “adaptable” instrument Different facilities: transportable Robust(reproducibleresults, “stable” operation)

  16. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Requirements with the new physics cases Detect particles with(very) different charges:dynamic range 103 Increase spatial efficiencydetect multiple tracks Improve (keep) energy andpositionresolution Improve acceptable beam intensityand counting rates Increase gain Work upon… Detector hardware Electronics Data acquisition software

  17. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Configurations ACTAR TPC AIP Conf. Proc. 1165 (2009) 339 Cubic geometry (mainly) Amplification: Micromegas, GEM Ancillary detectors Independent pads, 2x2 mm2 ≈250 mm E AT-TPC, TACTIC Cylindrical geometry Magnetic field to confine particles

  18. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Advantages Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors Uniformity, robustnessEnergy resolution? Flexibilityvary amplification gapcombine MM and GEMs… Independent pads Vary voltage on different areas Multiple tracks Resonant reactions Interaction point Recoil E and angle Recoil proton Resonance region Beam

  19. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Advantages Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors Uniformity, robustnessEnergy resolution? Flexibilityvary amplification gapcombine MM and GEMs… Independent pads Vary voltage on different areas Multiple tracks Inelastic scattering Interaction point Beam counting Different configurations Beam

  20. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Advantages Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors Uniformity, robustnessEnergy resolution? Flexibilityvary amplification gapcombine MM and GEMs… Independent pads Vary voltage on different areas Multiple tracks Transfer reactions Interaction point Recoil light particleenergy and angle Solid-state telescopes Beam Light recoils

  21. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Angular resolution He+CF4 (2%)

  22. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Angular resolution He+CF4 (2%) Resolution <1.3° FWHM

  23. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Angular resolution He+CF4 (2%) Resolution < 1.3° FWHM Acceptable for very short tracks too

  24. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Energy resolution α particles in Ar+CF4(2%) 1100 mbar

  25. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Energy resolution α particles in Ar+CF4(2%) 1100 mbar Path length: > 0.8 mm

  26. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Prototype tests (bulk micromegas) Energy resolution α particles in Ar+CF4(2%) 1100 mbar Path length: > 80 keVFWHM Charge: > 80 keV

  27. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics General Electronics for TPCs – GET High front-end density High-rate throughput(selective readout,zero suppression) High S/N ratio High dynamic range Manage time stamp,other detectors, control... Intelligent triggerL0 externalL1 multiplicityL2 topology

  28. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics GET: The AGET chip Based on the AFTER asic Amplification, detection and storage x64: CSA, shaper, discriminator, memory(sampling from 1 MHz to 100 MHz) Highly configurable

  29. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Dynamic range Possibilities Electronics (better preamps) Software (different gains on pads) Hardware: mask the beam TACTIC

  30. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics Summary • Active targets are very promising instrumentsfor research with exotic beams • Large target thickness with no loss in resolution • Low thresholds • Versatile, different configurations possible • Many parameters to considergas, pressure, electric field, drift velocity, dynamic range • The new generation: ACTAR TPC • Improvements in dynamic range, track multiplicity, event rate… • Configuration, amplification technology • Electronics and software • Tests and simulation work

  31. Principle Maya ACTAR TPC Design Tests MM Electronics

  32. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Configurations (physics cases) Resonant reactions Energy of the beam to reachthe resonance of interest Pressure adjusted to stop the beamat the end of the gas volume Detection of light recoilsscattered forward Recoil proton Measure: interaction pointidentification recoilE, angle recoil particle Resonance region Beam • Resolution of interaction point • Dynamic range

  33. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Configurations (physics cases) Elastic and inelastic scattering High pressure for target thicknessand stopping of light recoil particles Beam leaves the detection volume Measure E and angle of light recoils If projectile heavydynamic range has to be large • Energy (position) resolution • Low thresholds, dynamic range Beam

  34. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Configurations (physics cases) • Transfer reactions • (p,d), (d,p), (4He,t), (3He,d), (p,t)… • Beam leaves the detection volume • Light recoil at all angles and energies! • Pressure adjusted for the productsof interest • Identification light recoil • Measure E, angle of light recoil • (d,p): low energy protonsat backward angles • Population of unstable systems:multiple tracks Solid-state telescopes Beam Light recoils

  35. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Measurements with exotic nuclei Fragmented and post-accelerated RIBs  reaction methods now available on exotic nuclei Elastic and inelastic scattering Resonant reactions Direct reactions Close to driplines: Exotic decayswith ion emission Charged-particle detection methods are central

  36. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Requirements on detection methods Low-intensity beams  efficiency is key Identification of channel  particle ID Resolution Reactions: inverse kinematics Heavy beam on a light target beam-like magneticspectrometer beam light recoil charge-particle array Reconstruct kinematics from E and θ of emitted particles(two quantities are sufficient to identify the channnel)

  37. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Reactions: kinematics Example: transfer reactions “Universal” kinematic curves placement of detector depends on channel to be detected (Q-value) Kinematic compression  resolution, low thresholds

  38. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Configurations Resolution in E* Light beam:better detect beam-likeparticle (limit on angularresolution) Heavier beam:better detect light recoil(limit on E resolutionfrom straggling in thetarget) In general:much worse thandirect kinematics

  39. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Instruments Charged particle arrays:solid-state telescopes (Si, Si+CsI...)resolution vs. cost How to improve resolution-ray: very good resolutionbut low efficiency, no g.s.-to-g.s. T-REX

  40. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Present and future devices ACTAR AIP Conf. Proc. 1165 (2009) 339 Cubic geometry (mainly) Amplification: Micromegas E and T from pads (≈16000 channels) Larger dynamic range(Electronics, pad independence) Multiple tracks AT-TPC, TACTIC Cylindrical geometry Magnetic field to confine particles ≈250 mm

  41. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Detector parameters • Gas and pressure mostlydictated by physics • Electric field: optimize for • Amplification • Drift velocityof electrons • Drift velocity: • spatial resolution is • δx = vdriftδt • vdrift ≈ 5 to 100 μm/ns δt ≈ 200 to 10 ns NIM 159 (1979) 213

  42. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Dynamic range External detectors are expensive contain particles in gas volume Higher pressure stronger signal from light ions but Limit imposedby Eloss of beam particle 3 orders of magnitude difference! Possibilities Electronics (better preamps) Software (different gains on pads) Hardware: mask the beam

  43. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Measured quantities Energy Collected charge Path length (range) Angle External detectors Track reconstruction

  44. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Track reconstruction T. Roger, PhD Thesis Charge distributiondepends uponamplification technologyand pad shape Wires GEM Micromegas

  45. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Track reconstruction T. Roger, PhD Thesis Simulation of the charge collectionto test reconstruction algorithms Hyperbolic Secant Squared search for maxima along axes find centroids fit straght line through centroids Accuracy: 0 to 1 degreesdepending on orientation

  46. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Track reconstruction T. Roger, PhD Thesis Global Fitting method For small charges, not spread(light particles, high energies) not ok for θ<10 deg

  47. Exotic nuclei Active targets Detection Energy from collected charge T. Roger, PhD Thesis IKAR From pulse analysis: Integral  recoil energy TR (EFWHM 90 KeV) Risetime recoil angle R (FWHM 0.6°) Time difference anode-cathode vertex point ZV (zFWHM 110 m)

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