A Tomography Image Reconstruction Device

1. A proposal and plan of action for ELEG 490 Design I Submitted by: Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student. Fatima Al-Zaabi, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student. Rehab Bani-Hashim, Undergraduate Senior Electrical student. Sameya Al-Ghafri Undergraduate Senior Electrical student. Project Supervisors : Dr. MahmoudMeribout Dr. KhaledAl-Wahedi A Tomography Image Reconstruction Device December 13th ,2010

2. Problem Statement • Design specifications • Project Goals and Objective • The Project Team • Solution Approach • Background • Economics • Testing and Validation plan • Project Schedule • Facilities and Equipment needed Proposal Outline

3. Budget • Reporting, Documentation and Maintenance and Upgrade Plans • Deliverables • Societal and Environmental Impacts • Professional Engineering Ethics • Sustainability • Manufacturability • Health and Safety Proposal Outline

4. Client requested to design a tomography device which performs real-time two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe. Problem Statement

5. Itincludessomerealisticconstraintsinthedesign • Achieve two dimensional reconstruction of the fluid passing through the device with a minimal error accuracy of 10% • 2. The device should provide a standard computer interface to a General Purpose IBM-compatible computer (e.g. RS232, PCI, or parallel interfaces) • 3. The delay time required for data acquisition and image reconstruction should not exceed 20 seconds Problem Statement (cont.)

6. Itincludessomerealisticconstraintsinthedesign • Provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display the reconstructed image onto a screen • 5. The algorithm for image reconstruction and data acquisition can be embedded into any general purpose computer having 2 GB hard disk and 256 Mbytes of memory (RAM) • 6. The device should be powered with a standard power voltage level (e.g. 24VDC and/or 220VAC) • 7. The design should be operational before May 5th, 2011. Problem Statement (cont.)

7. A two dimensional reconstruction image of the fluid passing through a pipe can be constructed by manipulating the received data from the electrodes 2. Only one of the electrodes can be excited at a time which creates an induced voltage for the rest of electrodes An analog multiplexer will be placed between the hardware and software in order to receive the induced voltage and send the output signal to the software Design specifications

8. IEEE-488 control will be used as standard interface for sending data to the computer 5. Serial interface RS232 will link the feedback provided from the computer side to the analog multiplexer Design specifications (Cont.)

9. The main purpose is to build a strong theoretical and algorithmic background on Tomography • It aims to design a tomography system that consists of capacitance arrays, front end analog electronics and digital hardware architecture of the algorithm • For efficient oil development, it is necessary to accurately measure the products result from the oil wells. Project Goals and Objectives

10. The work was distributed among the group member according to their experience, interest and their skills The Project Team

11. In order to produce efficient work: • A schedule was designed that illustrates the tasks, assigned team member, deliverables and deadlines respectively • A meeting will be held during the project at least once a week among team members • A meeting will be conducted with the instructor once a week to ensure that the team is on the right track and solve any problem that might appear Solution Approach

12. In order to provide easy communication between the team members and the client, Data Retrieved System (DRS) is required. • This system helps to keep in touch with the advisor and all the team members. • A website will be prepared with all project documents for easy access by the team members and the client Solution Approach

13. Design’s Background • Tools of solving: • Forward methods (example: ECT) • Inverse methods • Previous solutions for monitoring pipelines: • Optical sensors to distinguish gas flow • Ultrasonic sensors to distinguish water and oil

14. Our project does not cost a lot because it needs: • Few instruments • Software codes (will be built by the team) • Improving the project in a future stage can help the device to work as an early detector of fluid leakage  save the company’s money Economics

15. Hardware Testing • Software Testing • Software & Hardware Interface Testing Testing and Validation plan

16. Hardware Testing • Initial testing to match the practical results with the theoretical concepts • Make sure that the instrument is not affected by any external interference and if it does, an screen layer has to be provided • Checking the instrument ability to withstand high temperature and pressure Testing and Validation plan

17. Software Testing • Software interconnection with the hardware • Two software programs interface which are MATLAB LabView programs Testing and Validation plan

18. Different matrix and chart that set the details of the deliverable of this project and their deadline have been produced • The Percent Complete Matrix designed to represent the responsibility of each team member and help in keep track of the project accomplishments • The Gant Chart Project Schedule

19. For experimental purposes, we are using impedance analyzer to measure the capacitance effect into two parallel plates • In the hardware part: • Pipe • Number of electrodes • Electrode multiplexer or analog multiplexer • In the software part: • Labview program • Matlab program Facilities and Equipment

20. The cost of the project will consist of two budgets • The research budget which will almost cost of 100 $ will be funded by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute • The products/equipment ordered from some vendors companies Budget *This equipment will provided by Electrical Engineering department at the Petroleum Institute

21. Submitting a weekly work-in-progress report (mints) to update the client once the project has started • Date of the conducted meeting • Topics and the issues discussed during the meeting • Tasks distributed with deadlines • Brief description of each task • Next topic to be prepared and meeting date • Comments and important notes Reporting, Maintenance and Upgrade Plans

22. Having maintenance and upgrade plans report • Details about changes made in case of any replacements in certain parts with reasons of replacements, and how effective these changes are Reporting, Maintenance and Upgrade Plans

23. Full description of how each product will be produced and handed for the client Deliverables

24. The design will help the oil industry to recover a huge amount of oil savings • Since we are using AC power to turn on our device, we can use one of the renewable energy sources to minimize the effect on the environment by using DC to AC convertor Societal and Environmental Impacts

25. Engineering ethics is one of the most important issues in any engineering project • Ethics’ codes were produced as a reference during the project • The only main highlighted ethical issue that is involved in this project is the “copy-right” issue since this project will include different software programs from different companies Professional Engineering Ethics

26. All the documents, that include the technical descriptions of the hardware and the software as well as the prototype results, will be saved in a CD as a softcopy backup for both the client and the group • Two softcopies can be uploaded in both a special EE program webpage and internet blog • Another way of documenting is by installing the prototype in one of the workshop with a hardcopy manual Sustainability

27. The final report will include all the product specifications, conditions and the operation method • The operator health and safety which is considered as a very important document in manufacturability Manufacturability

28. Each member should fully understand the lab safety rules document written by EE department • The presence of the project supervisor is required when implementing the design at the first time Health and Safety

29. Formal and informal meetings with the Project Supervisor • Formal report • Dr. Abdurrahim El-Keib, Professor and Program Director. • Dr. MahmoudMeribout and Dr. Khaled Al-Wahedi , Project Supervisor • Mr. Wael El Sokary, Communication Instructor Management

30. Team members: Thuraya Al-Hanaei, Fatima Al-Zaabi, Rehab Bani-Hashim, Sameya Al-Ghafri Task: design a tomography device which performs real-time two dimensional image reconstruction of the fluid passing through a pipe Time Frame: October 1, 2010 -May 5th , 2011 Conclusions

31. [1] P. TSOURLOS, J. E. SZYMANSKI and G. N. TSOKAS, “A generalized iterative back-projection algorithm for 2-D reconstruction of resistivity data: application to data-sets from archaeological sites”, Journal of Balkan Geophysical Society, Vol.8, No.2, May, 2005. [2] J. Mirkowski, W. Smolik, M. Yang, T. Olsezewski, R. Szabatin, D. Radomski and W. Yang, “A New Forward Problem Solver Based on a Capacitor Mesh Model for Electrical Capacitance Tomography”, IEEE, 2008. [3] J.C. Gamio, C. Ortiz-Aleman and R.Martin, “Electrical capacitance tomograpghy two-phase oil-gas pipe flow imaging by the linear back-projection algorithm”, Geofisica International (2005), vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 265-273. References